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What is the cell nucleus responsible for?

The cell nucleus contains genetic material, primarily in the form of chromatin.

What is chromatin made of?

Chromatin is made of DNA and proteins.

What are chromosomes?

Chromosomes are condensed forms of chromatin.

What are the four phases of mitosis?

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.

Where is the genetic material found in a cell?

The genetic material is found in the cell nucleus, primarily in the form of chromatin.

What is meiosis? What types of cells are produced during this process?

Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing gametes (sperm and eggs) that are haploid.

What are homologous chromosomes?

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, that have similar structures and carry the same genes.

How many chromosomes does a 'normal' human cell have?

A normal human cell has 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs.

What are the two types of sex chromosomes? What are the combinations used to determine gender in humans?

The two types of sex chromosomes are X and Y. Female has XX, while male has XY.

Contrast haploid and diploid cells.

Haploid cells have half the number of chromosomes (n), while diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes (2n). Human gametes are haploid, while somatic cells are diploid.

What are gametes? Give the human examples.

Gametes are reproductive cells that carry the genetic information; in humans, the examples are sperm and eggs.

When does fertilization occur?

Fertilization occurs when a sperm cell successfully merges with an egg cell, resulting in the formation of a zygote.

What are the end results of Meiosis?

The end results of Meiosis are four haploid gametes, each genetically distinct from one another and from the parent cell.

What is genetics?

Genetics is the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.

Who is Gregor Mendel and what are his contributions to genetics?

Gregor Mendel is known as the father of genetics for his foundational work in understanding heredity, including the laws of segregation and independent assortment through his pea plant experiments.

Contrast haploid and diploid cells.

Haploid cells have half the number of chromosomes (n), while diploid cells have two sets of chromosomes (2n). Human gametes are haploid, while somatic cells are diploid.

What are gametes? Give the human examples.

Gametes are reproductive cells that carry the genetic information; in humans, the examples are sperm and eggs.

What is the number of chromosomes in a normal human cell?

A normal human cell has 46 chromosomes, arranged in 23 pairs.

What occurs during fertilization?

Fertilization occurs when a sperm cell successfully merges with an egg cell, resulting in the formation of a zygote.

What are the major events of meiosis?

The major events of meiosis include two rounds of cell division (Meiosis I and Meiosis II), crossing over during prophase I, and the separation of homologous chromosomes.

What is crossing over?

Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis, which increases genetic variation.

What are homologous chromosomes?

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, that have similar structures and carry the same genes.