APCSP - Unit 2 - Digital Information
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Last updated 1:14 PM on 8/21/23
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24 Terms
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decimal number system
a base 10 number systen that uses 10 different characters to represent values; each place value is the number 10 raised to a certain power
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binary number system
a base 2 number system that uses 2 different characters to represent values; each place value is the number 2 raised to a certain power
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bit
a single 0 or 1 in a binary number; short for binary digit
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nibble
a group of four bits
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byte
a group of eight bits
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kilobyte
a group of one thousand bytes or eight thousand bits
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megabyte
a group of one million bytes or eight million bits
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gigabyte
a group of one billion bytes or eight billion bits
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terabyte
a group of one trillion bytes or eight trillion bits
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overflow error
a programming error that occurs when attempting to represent a number that is too large
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underflow error
a programming error that occurs when attempting to represent a number that is too small
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round-off error
a programming error that results from attempting to represent a number that is too precise in binary
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ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
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American Standard Code for Information Interchange
a 7-bit encoding scheme for commonly used English letters, numbers, and symbols
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Unicode
an international encoding scheme that represents more than 65,000 characters from numerous languages, numbers, symbols, and emoji
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analog
continuous streams or waves of data, such as light waves, sound waves; real, tangible things
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digital
sampled, non-continuous data
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sampling
a process for creating a digital representation of analog data by measuring the analog data at regular intervals (called samples)
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pixel
a tiny element of a screen that can produce a color; short for picture element
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RGB triplet
three values that affect the brightness of the red, green, and blue portions of a pixel; usually represented in decimal, binary, or hexadecimal
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full color
colors represented with 24 bits, allowing for more than 16 million different colors
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data compression
a reduction in the number of bits needed to represent data
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lossless compression
a reversible process that reduces the number of bits in a digital file without losing any data
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lossy compression
a non-reversible process that reduces the number of bits in a digital file by discarding some of the data and informa
