BIOS 1300 lab exam 1 osmosis, transport, celular structures (lab 3)

centrosomes

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cilium

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endocytic vesicles

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free ribosomes

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Golgi apparatus

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Lysosomes

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Microvilli

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Mitochondria

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nuclear pores

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Nucleolus

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Nucleus

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Peroxisomes

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plasma membrane

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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

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secretory vesicle of the Golgi apparatus

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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

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what does the centrosomes do?

Assists in formation and organization of microtubules and

Responsible for spindle formation during mitosis

What does cilium do?

Oscillations (bending to-and-fro) of cilia move substances (e.g., mucus, cells, and debris) over cell surface

Ciliary motion (bending) created by axoneme microtubules sliding past one another

what does endocytic vesicles do?

Used for transport into the cell, endocytosis• Phagocytosis= cellular "eating"• Pinocytosis=cellular "drinking"

What do free ribosomes do?

Sites of protein synthesis

What does the Golgi apparatus do?

Protein sorting

What do lysosomes do?

Contains hydrolases that digest intracellulardebris; garbage-disposal of the cell

What do microvilli do?

Increase cell surface area

Facilitate transport and absorption (e.g., nutrients) across membrane

What does the mitochondria do?

Site of ATP synthesis; powerhouse of cell

what do nuclear pores do?

Allows for, and regulates, passage of materials between cytoplasm and nucleus

what does the nucleosus do?

Ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly

what does the nucleus do?

DNA replication

DNA transcription into mRNA

Ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome subunit assembly (in nucleolus)

what do the peroxisomes do?

Oxidation of fatty acids, a major source ofmetabolic energy. Synthesis of cholesterol/bile.

what does the plasma membrane do?

Encloses cell contents

Communication (receptors)

Intercellular connections

Regulates movement of materials into and out of cell

what does the rough endoplasmic reticulum do?

Modify proteins after they are made andtransports them to Golgi and other sites

what do the secretory vesicles of the Golgi apparatus do?

Carries protein products from Golgi apparatus to cell surface for exocytosis

What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?

Lipid synthesis , detoxification of drugs,glycogen breakdown

transcription

DNA---> mRNA

translation

mRNA---> protein

simple diffusion

movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Tonicity

the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

hypertonic solution

Solute concentration is greater than that inside the cell; cell loses water

hypotonic solution

Solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell gains water

isotonic solution

A solution with the same concentration of water and solutes as inside a cell, resulting in the cell retaining its normal shape because there is no net movement of water.

Crenation

This happens when a cell shrinks and shrivels; can result in cell death if severe.

lyse

Cell bursting.

growth 1 in cell cycle

Cell growth

Synthesis in cell cycle

DNA replication

growth 2 in cell cycle

more growth and preparation for mitosis

mitosis

division of the nucleus

prophase

Chromosomes become visable, nuclear envelop dissolves, spindle forms

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

anaphase

chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

telophase

After the chromosome seperates, the cell seals off, Final Phase of Mitosis.

Cytokinisis

division of the cytoplasm