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Sexual reproduction
the process in which 2 parent organisms create offspring with genetically unique composition
What are the male gonads?
Testes/testicles
What are the female gonads?
ovaries
What does the male testes/testicles produce?
Sperm and testosterone
What does the female ovaries produce?
Eggs and estrogen
What is another name for gametes?
sex cells (egg & sperm)
Sperm cells
Male sex cells, microscopic, tail (allowed the sperm to move), neck (where the mitochondria is located) and head (where the nucleus is located)
Egg cells
Female sex cells, round, non-motile, nucleus contains yolk, ~1 mm diameter in humans
Hermaphrodites
usually slow moving organisms, produce both sperm and egg cells, cannot self fertilize
Gametogenesis
process of gametes forming in gonads
Oogenesis
specific gametogenesis where ovaries produce eggs
Spermatogenesis
specific gametogenesis where testes produce sperm
Polar body
small byproduct(s) that comes off of an oocyte during meiotic division (during oogenesis)
Fertilization
process where a sperm cell and egg cell unite to form a single cell (zygote)
Zygote
fertilized egg/ the single cell formed after fertilization
Monoploid
one set of unpaired chromosomes
diploid
two complete set of chromosomes, one from each parent
external fertilization
egg fertilized in environment outside of the female body, can only occur in aquatic environments
Internal fertilization
occurs inside body of a female, mostly mammals
What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis
Meiosis is only used to make sperm and eggs