Sexual reproduction

Sexual reproduction

the process in which 2 parent organisms create offspring with genetically unique composition

What are the male gonads?

Testes/testicles

What are the female gonads?

ovaries

What does the male testes/testicles produce?

Sperm and testosterone

What does the female ovaries produce?

Eggs and estrogen

What is another name for gametes?

sex cells (egg & sperm)

Sperm cells

Male sex cells, microscopic, tail (allowed the sperm to move), neck (where the mitochondria is located) and head (where the nucleus is located)

Egg cells

Female sex cells, round, non-motile, nucleus contains yolk, ~1 mm diameter in humans

Hermaphrodites

usually slow moving organisms, produce both sperm and egg cells, cannot self fertilize

Gametogenesis

process of gametes forming in gonads

Oogenesis

specific gametogenesis where ovaries produce eggs

Spermatogenesis

specific gametogenesis where testes produce sperm

Polar body

small byproduct(s) that comes off of an oocyte during meiotic division (during oogenesis)

Fertilization

process where a sperm cell and egg cell unite to form a single cell (zygote)

Zygote

fertilized egg/ the single cell formed after fertilization

Monoploid

one set of unpaired chromosomes

diploid

two complete set of chromosomes, one from each parent

external fertilization

egg fertilized in environment outside of the female body, can only occur in aquatic environments

Internal fertilization

occurs inside body of a female, mostly mammals

What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis

Meiosis is only used to make sperm and eggs