Water-Soluble and Fat-Soluble Vitamins Review

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, including coenzyme forms, physiological functions, deficiency syndromes, absorption sites, and clinical signs.

Thiamin ($\text{B}_1$) Main Coenzyme

Thiamin Diphosphate (TDP)

Beriberi

A deficiency syndrome of Thiamin ($\text{B}_1$) characterized by nervous system and cardiac dysfunction.

Riboflavin ($\text{B}_2$) Main Coenzymes

Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and Flavin mononucleotide (FMN)

Ariboflavinosis

A deficiency syndrome of Riboflavin ($\text{B}_2$) characterized by cheilosis, glossitis, angular stomatitis, edema of the oral cavity, and dermatitis.

Niacin ($\text{B}_3$) Main Coenzymes

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)

Pellagra

A deficiency syndrome of Niacin ($\text{B}_3$) characterized by diarrhea, dermatitis, and mental confusion.

Pantothenic Acid Main Coenzyme

Coenzyme A (CoA)

Burning Foot Syndrome

A deficiency syndrome of pantothenic acid characterized by burning of the feet and neuritis.

Biotin Main Coenzyme

Carboxybiotin

Vitamin $\text{B}_6$ Main Coenzyme

Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)

Folate Main Coenzyme Derivatives

Tetrahydrofolic acid (THF) derivatives: 5,10-methylene THF, 10-formyl THF, 5-formimino THF, 5,10-methylenyl THF, and 5-methyl THF

Megaloblastic Anemia

A deficiency syndrome characterized by enlarged immature red blood cells and diarrhea, associated with folate or Vitamin $\text{B}_{12}$ deficiency.

Vitamin $\text{B}_{12}$ Main Coenzymes

Methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin

Vitamin $\text{B}_{12}$ Absorption Site

Ileum

Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) Main Coenzyme

None

Scurvy

A deficiency syndrome of Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) characterized by hyperkeratosis of hair follicles, psychological manifestations, and impaired collagen leading to bleeding gums and ruptured capillaries.

Vitamin A Forms

Retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid; Provitamin form: Carotenoids

Vitamin D Forms

$\text{D}_2$-ergocalciferol and $\text{D}_3$-cholecalciferol; Provitamin form: 7-dehydro-cholesterol

Vitamin E Forms

Tocopherols and tocotrienols

Vitamin K Forms

Phylloquinones and menaquinones

Vitamin K Biochemical Function

Activates blood-clotting factors and proteins in bone by ð-carboxylating glutamic acid residues.

Nyctalopia

Night blindness associated with Vitamin A deficiency.

Bitot's Spots

An ocular sign affecting the conjunctiva, associated with Vitamin A deficiency.

Keratomalacia

An ocular sign involving corneal xerosis and ulcerations, associated with Vitamin A deficiency.

Ophthalmoplegia and Nystagmus

Ocular selected signs associated with Thiamin ($\text{B}_1$) deficit.

Photophobia

An ocular selected sign associated with Riboflavin ($\text{B}_2$) deficit.