stoich + acids/bases definitions and more

Define limiting reagent

Limiting reagent in a reaction is the reactant that is consumed completely. It determines the maximum amount of product that is made.

Define the term concentration

The amount of solute per unit volume solvent

What is percentage yield

Percentage yield is a measure of the extent of a reaction determined by comparing the actual amount to the theoretical amount of product expressed as a percentage.

Define molar mass

The mass in grams of one mole of that substance

Define functional group

an atom or group of atoms that form the centre of the chemical activity in a molecule

Define homologous series

A series of similar compounds that share the same functional group and have the same general formula in which each member differs from the previous one by a single ch2 unit

What is a hydrocarbon

A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon atoms

Define concentration

The amount of solute per unit solvent

What is a redox reaction

A reaction involving the transfer of electrons

Define oxidation

The loss of electrons

Define reduction

The gain of electrons

Define oxidizing agent

The substance that accepts electrons

Define reducing agent

The substance that donates electrons

Anode

The electrode where oxidation takes place

Cathode

The electrode where reduction takes place

Define an acid

An acid is defined as a proton donor

Define a base

A base is defined as a proton acceptor

What is ionization

The reaction of a molecular substance with water to produce ions

Define a strong acid

An acid that ionises almost completely in an aqueous solution

Define a weak acid

A weak acid is an acid that ionises only partially in an aqueous solution

Define a strong base

A base that dissociates almost completely in an aqueous solution

Define a weak base

A base that only ionizes partially in an aqueous solution

Define dissociation

The splitting of an ionic compound into its ions

What are some weak acids names and formula?

HF hydrofluoric acid, H3PO4 phosphoric acid,

Define an endothermic reaction

reactions which transform thermal energy into chemical potential energy

define exothermic reaction

Reactions which transform chemical potential energy into thermal energy

What are some examples of ampholytic/amphoteric substances

H20, HCO3, (COOH)2, CH3COOH

Defined activation energy

The minimum amount of energy needed for a reaction to take place

Define activated complex

high energy unstable state between products and reactants

What is a a catalyst

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing a permanent change in the reaction

Define heat of reaction

the net change of chemical potential energy of the system

Define an ampholyte

Substance that can act as either acid or base is amphiprotic or ampholyte

What is the formula for sulphuric acid and is it a strong or weak acid ?

H2SO4 it is a strong acid

what is the formula for oxalic acid and is it strong or weak base

(COOH)2 it is a weak acid

Is sodium hydroxide a strong or weak base

NaOH is a strong base

Is calcium hydroxide a strong or weak base

CaOH2 is a strong base

Is ammonia a strong or weak base

NH3 Weak base