Religious Exam prep S1/Y9

Who is Mary?

Is the mother of god. The only virgin in history

How was Mary’s life?

She lived a modest life, a woman in a Jewish family, within the bloodline of David’s. Living in Nazareth, in Galilee. Having a husband - Joseph and her parents - Anne and Joachim(who are from royal bloodlines). Cousin of Elizabeth.

What did Mary do?

She gave birth to Jesus yet remained a virgin, being called ‘the Mother of God’. An important figure for believers when faith in the Lord began to increase.

When did Mary become Important?

During the 1st Century, when her status as ‘Queen’ spiritually provoked Nazareth

What are the 5 Interpretations of Mary?

‘Virgin, Mother of God’, Immaculate conception, The assumption, Mother of the Church, Theotokos

Why was Mary believed to be the ‘Virgin, Mother of God’?

Mary gave birth to Jesus without intercourse, and the birth of Jesus was spiritually symbolic. Becoming history and the beginning of humanity

Why was Mary believed to be the ‘Immaculate Conception’?

Pope Pois IX defined the immaculate conception, inspired by scripture, to glorify Mary and preserve her from sins.

Why was Mary believed to be the ‘Assumption’?

Taught my Pope Pius IX, a theory that believed after death, Mary will reunite her son in heaven, instead of atoning for the sins of many. As she spiritually lived in union with her son

Why was Mary believed to be the ‘Mother of Church’?

They believe, as the mother of Jesus, that through spiritual connection, she was the mother who housed the community

Why was Mary believed to be the ‘Theotokos’?

Means ‘God-bearer’, represents her as an important figure that gave life to the Messiah and has been chosen by God to have an honoured responsibility

Why was Mary - Madonna Del Miracolo Significant - Italy

Alfonso Ratisbonne had a distaste for Catholicism. He was challenged to wear the miraculous medal, and he agreed. Resulting in him becoming enlightened by an envisionment of Mary. Turning catholic

Why was Mary - Our Lady of Mount Carmel significant - Israel & England

Occurred in the 12th and 13th centuries. Christian hermits and monks settled in Mount Carmel, creating a chapel dedicated to Mary, their protector.

Why was Mary - Our Lady of Lourdes Significant? - France

Occurred in 1858. Appeared in Bernadette Soubirous, teaching prayer and healing.

Why was Mary - Our Lady of Fatima Significant? - Portugal

Occurred in 1917. Mary appeared in front of 3 shepherd children and told them about peace, prayer and conversion

Why was Mary - Our Lady of Guadalupe significant? - Mexico

Occurred in 1531. Mary appeared infront of Juan Diego(Saint), told him to build a church, declaring the identity and dignity of Indigenous people

How is Mary usually depicted in art?

A spiritually connecting figure, mother of Jesus, motherly soft, a human woman who bordered heaven, a sinless woman, someone sacred, pretty

How was Mary like as a disciple?

Devoted, a silent reflector, courageous, supportive, faithful, a preacher, obedient

What is a disciple?

A devoted follower who spreads a teaching or principles

What was the legal Status of a woman in the bible?

More valuables are sold at high prices. Their decisions were finalised by their husband or father.

What was the religious Status of Women in the Bible

Ladies of duty of taking care of the house. Women were taught in Torah, which Jewish Society did not like.

What is Original Sin

It is the sin that was passed down from Adam and Eve, eating the apple in Eden.

Define Venerate

Treating someone with full respect

Define Dogma

A popular opinion that becomes true - a belief communicated by divine revelation and defined by the church

Define discipleship

One who gives full loyalty and support to another

Define Immaculate

Perfectly clean, neat, tidy

Define Assumption

The belief that Mary, the Mother of Jesus, was taken (assumed) into heaven, after death

Define Annunciation

Announcement by Gabriel that Mary will conceive a son by the power of the Holy Spirit to be called Jesus (Luke 1:26-38)

Define Conception

The action of conceiving a child

Define patroness

A woman chosen as a spiritual guardian

Define doctrine

A belief held and taught by a church, political party or other groups.

What type of symbols are used to represent Mary

Dove, stars, eyes, blue cloth, while cloth, thorns, pear

What is Acknowledgement to Country?

Recognise and respect the Traditional Owners of the land. An event took place to honor enduring culture and spiritual connection to the land. Stating that the Indigenous people own the land.

What is Welcome to Country?

Ceremony to acknowledge and respect the traditional owners of the land, offering protection and safe passage, while also recognising cultural significance.

What is a message stick?

A wooden object with distinct patterns/symbols/motifs used for long-distance communication across Australia

What is the importance of Message Sticks

A vital part of the cultural heritage of Indigenous Australians. Used to coordinate movement, communicate, request resources, issue demands, and negotiate alliances.

What is the Aboriginal Religion?

Aboriginal peoples' ‘religion’ differs across Australia's many environments, creating distinct rituals, practices and stories. Each clan do not have a ‘chief’, believing that their area was created by a spirit being. Believing the spirits gave it to them.

How do Aboriginals connect spiritually?

Singing, dancing, stories and acting it out

What is a Totem?

A spiritual being that represents the guardian of the clan.

What is the meaning of this quote - Gather round people let me tell you a story
An eight year long story of power and pride
British Lord Vestey and Vincent Lingiari
Were opposite men on opposite sides - From Little Things Big Things Grow by Paul Kelly (Referring to the little hill walk off)

Gurindji people, led by Vincent Lingiari, tried to gain their land back in the Northern Territory and rebelled against the labour

What is the meaning of this quote - They picked up their swags and started off walking
At Wattie Creek they sat themselves down
Now it don't sound like much but it sure got tongues talking
Back at the homestead and then in the town - From Little Things Big Things Grow (Referring to the little hill walk off)

Represents the Gurindji people 1200 walking off the station. The British company is moving away from its land. Led to whispers on federal land rights, a possible bad reputation and national attention due to that action

What is the meaning of this quote - Then Vincent Lingiari boarded an airplane
Landed in Sydney, big city of lights
And daily he went 'round softly speaking his story
To all kinds of men from all walks of life

And Vincent sat down with big politicians
This affair they told him is a matter of state
Let us sort it out while your people are hungry
Vincent said, "No thanks, we know how to wait” - From Little Things Big Things Grow (Referring to the little hill walk off)

Liangi Leaves Northern Territory to build awareness around the Gurundji people’s struggles, striving to get support from communities. Requesting long-term condition, land rights. With patience, he will get what he needs.

What is the meaning of this quote - Said to us, "Come, take our hand"
Set us up on mission land
Taught us to read, to write and pray
Then they took the children away - Took the Children Away by Archaic Roach (Referring to the Stolen Generation)

Displays the Mission of ‘Purifying’ Indigenous children, commencing in the Stolen Generation, taking kids away, to teach them another belief.

What is the meaning of this quote - "Teach them how to live, " they said
Humiliated them instead
Taught them that and taught them this
And others taught them prejudice - Took the Children Away (Referring to the Stolen Generation)

The ‘teaching’ was biased, an excuse to use children, shame them, a way to learn Western ways, an opinion that brainwashes the children and their identity.

What is the meaning of this quote - Mother's tears were falling down
And Dad shaped up and stood his ground
He said, "You touch my kids and you fight me"
And they took us from our family

Took us away
They took us away
Snatched from our mother's breast
Said, "This is for the best, " took them away - Took the Children Away (Referring to the Stolen Generation)

They used ‘saving’ as a way to justify removing children without parental consent and having them in white society. The desperation of Indigenous parents wanting their children back, but it was futile as their culture is slowly being erased.

What is the meaning of this quote - One sweet day all the children came back
The children came back
The children came back
Back where their hearts grow strong
Back where they all belong
The children came back
Said the children came back - Took the Children Away (Referring to the Movie The Rabbit Proof fence)

The children used the world’s longest fence, the rabbit-proof fence, to return to their homeland returning to their country, healing, returning to their family and escaping the oppressive institution.

What is the meaning of this quote - The time has come to say "Fair's fair"
To pay the rent, to pay our share
The time has come, a fact's a fact
It belongs to them, let's give it back - Bed are Burning by Midnight Oil

‘To pay our share’ refers to the need for Indigenous people to want Westerners to take responsibility for what they have done. ‘It belongs to them’ emphasises the land(Gibson Desert) stolen from them, that they want back

What is the meaning of this quote - How can we dance when our earth is turning?
How do we sleep while our beds are burning?
How can we dance when our earth is turning?
How do we sleep while our beds are burning? - Bed are Burning (Referring to the issues of land rights)

‘How do we sleep while our beds are burning?’ informs how some live in comfort while their beds(their land) and rights are being taken away. ‘How can we dance when our Earth is burning?’ tells us about the injustice of taking land and how it continues even as time passes.

What is the meaning of this quote - Four wheels scare the cockatoos
From Kintore, east to Yuendemu
The Western Desert lives and breathes
In forty-five degrees - Bed are Burning (Referring to the issues of land rights)

‘Four wheels’ refers to vehicles of outsiders entering - the British invading the area was geographical. ‘Breathing 45 degrees’ refers to how hot the desert is.

List some Issues Upon Indigenous & Non-Indigenous Death (Recorded in 1997-2001)

1. In the 1900s, Indigenous people were 16.5x more likely to die in custody than non-indigenous people

2. South Australia had the highest death rate(31.7), the lowest is in Tasmania(2.8)

3. Indigenous prisoners were 126x more likely to die

4. The young Indigenous death rate was very high. Indigenous women were more likely to die in custody

5. The proportions of death rates for police and prison custody were similar for Indigenous and non-indigenous

6. Death for police pursuit increased for both sides, and police institutional settings have declined

7. Indigenous people were more likely to die from natural causes, while non-indigenous were like to die from gunshots and overdoses

8. (Summary) Death rates were higher for Indigenous people, and as the year went by, police institutions began to decline.

List some Issues Upon Arrest/Imprisionment/Most Serious offenses in Australia (Recorded in 1997-2001)

1. Indigenous people were 17.5x more likely to be imprisoned, the over-representation of one group in Western Australia was 4x the national average

2. Incarceration of Indigenous people increased from the 1900s to 1995s by more than 60%.

3. Indigenous people were most likely to be imprisoned for assault, break-and-enter, motor vehicle offence, property offence and justice procedure offences.

4. Provocation policing is continuing through the use of trifecta(a group of 2 highly desired things or achievements)

List some Issues Upon Analyse Case Studies in Australia (Recorded in 1997-2001)

1. Recommendations were breached in each death, with the highest in Queensland (15.6) & Western Australia(8.9)

2. The deaths were broken into 2 periods, 31 May 1989, & 5th March 1992, in January 1996. The average number of death breaches didn’t decline on the second period

List some Issues Upon Policing Policies in Australia (Recorded in 1997-2001)

1. Police custody death rates decreased from 31 May 1989 to May 1996. There were still issues in the policing and policing custodial practices. There were allegations of rough treatment by police (Allegations were not accepted by the coroners, though)

2. Police have shot an unarmed Aboriginal youth

3. In Western Australia, drunkenness was decriminalised, but people are still arrested for drinking in public

4. The establishment of sobering-up shelters has had a positive impact since the Royal Commission, playing a role in the reduction of police custody deaths

5. Many Indigenous people are arrested due to trivial things, such as offensive language charges. The relative population of Indigenous people in jail is because of assault

6. Indigenous people are less likely to be bailed

7. There is still unthorough policing that still needs to be fixed

List some Issues Upon Court & Imprisionment in Australia (Recorded in 1997-2001)

1. There were doubts if imprisionment was for the last resort, according to 92% of recommendations.

2. Justice was poorly implemented

3. Issues favouring harsher punishments over imprisonment as a last resort

4. Inadequate interpreter is funding prevents many Indigenous people from receiving fair trials

List some Issues Upon Custodian Conditions in Australia (Recorded in 1997-2001)

1. Ongoing failures in implementing the Royal Commission recommendations on deaths in custody

2. Inconsistencies in detainee care, having repeated breaches of duty, poor medical assessment, poor monitoring and weak suicide prevention measures

3. Prison health and psychiatric care were often below standards, communication between staff was poor, and there was a lack of cultural awareness training

4. Deaths in police custody and prisons revealed systemic issues such as insufficient training, delayed medical response, failure to support mentally ill detainees

List some Issues Upon Juveniles in Australia

1. With the overrepresentation(having too many…) of Indigenous youth in the justice system and the rising risk of death in custody, there is an increase in premature deaths

2. Indigenous juveniles are more likely to face court imprisonment and barriers to bail than non-Indigenous people

3. There is a demand for reforming policing policies, juvenile transfers to adult prison, greater use of culturally appropriate community policing diversion programs and family conference schemes

Define Beliefs

In religion, beliefs are seen as the foundation of a religion, used to structure society (decided by churches, political groups) and as the core principle.

What is the Christian/Catholic Belief?

They believed there was only one God (Monolithic) that was divided into the trinities: Father, Son and the Holy Spirit

What is the First Nation’s Belief?

Aboriginal Dreamtime beliefs form a spiritual system explaining the universe's creation, the natural world, and the interconnectedness of all life

What is the definition of Rituals?

Structured activities or rituals are carried out following specific events or customs, usually to show commitment, honour significant occasions, or pursue spiritual advantages.

Examples of rituals Catholic/Christians Do & What is it meant for?

1. Baptism: Initiation into the Church, typically performed on infants, using holy water to purify them

2. Confirmation: Performing a sealing of the Holy Spirit of baptised people, making them full Christian/catholic

Examples of rituals First Nations Do & What is it meant for?

1. A smoking ceremony: is an ancient Aboriginal practice of burning native plants to produce purifying smoke, which is used to cleanse people and places, ward off evil spirits, and promote healing

2. Rites of Passage: Life events like birth, marriage, and death are often marked by rituals that signify the passage of time and the growth of individuals within the community.

3. Culinary Traditions: Specific dishes and food preparation methods that are passed down through generations are vital for cultural continuity, as they embody the community's culinary heritage

What is Sacred Text?

Sacred writings, or oral traditions that are viewed as divinely inspired or spiritually authoritative in the religion.

What is the Catholics’/Christian's’ Sacred Text

The Bible hold stories of Jesus and those who have witnessed miracles. Used to prove God’s existence. As well as used as a teaching for future generations.

What is the First Nations’ Sacred Text

Oral Traditions preserve spiritual teachings and ancestral wisdom through —stories, songs, and ceremonies—passed down across generations.

Define Symbols

Items, pictures, or actions that hold religious importance and symbolize deeper meanings or ideas within the belief system.

Why do People who are Catholic/Christian use Symbols?

Symbols are usually used to resemble an aspect of an important person within the bible.

Cross: represents the Holy Spirit, the sacrifice of Jesus Christ,

Dove: represents the Holy Spirit and peace

Why do First Nations use Symbols?

Used for storytelling and communication.

Totem: spiritual symbols of ancestral beings or natural elements for Aboriginal communities.

Define Sacred spaces/places

Places, structures, or natural locations that have special religious importance and are frequently used for worship, pilgrimage, or spiritual contemplation.

What is a Sacred Place/Place for Christians/Catholics?

Church: believed to be a spiritual connection, used to worship, reflect and purify those who also want to join the religion

What is a Sacred Place/Place for The first Nations?

Uluru: believed to house ancestral spirits, the striking sandstone monolith remains a vital location for traditional ceremonies, rituals, and spiritual journeys

Brewarrina Fish Traps (New South Wales): cultural heritage that gives knowledge on their river hydrology, spiritually important, a site for food production, trade and consumption

What are Ethics & Morality

Moral values, conduct codes, or ethical rules that influence the actions and choices of members in the religious community.

What are First Nations’ Ethics & Morality

Connection to land: Aboriginal spirituality centres on the custodianship of the land, emphasising sustainable relationships with nature and respect for traditional laws and heritage.

Define Community

The social side of religion structures believers into communities and fosters relationships among them.

What is the Catholic/Christian ‘Community’?

Church hierarchy: Laity (those that participate but are not ordained) ⟶ Deacons ⟶ Priest/Ministers ⟶ Bishops ⟶ Archibishops ⟶ Cardinals ⟶ Pope

What is the First Nation’s ‘Community’

Kinship: complex networks defining social roles, family responsibilities, and clan connections, which form the foundation of their religious and cultural practices.

Define Leadership

Roles, positions, or people in the religious community who offer guidance, interpretation, and direction for the faith tradition.

Who is the Leader To the Catholics/Christians

Pope: spiritual leaders of the worldwide catholic church, the person who was used to guide the Church’s morals and faith

Who is the Leader To the First Nations

Elders: respected spiritual leaders, knowledge keepers, and mediators between the community and the spiritual realm

Define Afterlife/Beyond

Concepts regarding the afterlife and the soul's ultimate destiny, such as heaven, hell, or reincarnation.

What Do the Christian/Catholics’ Will happen After Death?

It was believed that the soul is separated from the person’s body after death, and God will give them judgment. Judging whether they go to hell or heaven.

What Do the First Nations’ Will happen After Death?

Ancestral continuity: Aboriginal spirituality centers on an unbroken bond between the living, ancestors, and the spiritual realm.

What is the Stolen Generation

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in Australia who were forcibly removed from their families and communities by Australian federal and state government agencies and church missions,