APUSH Period 2

Act of Toleration

The first colonial statute granting religious freedom to all Christians (1649)

Roger Williams

Puritan minister, believed in free will from religion, and founded Providence, Rhode Island Colony in 1636. Also founded one of the first Baptist churches in America

Anne Hutchinson

Questioner of Puritans, who believed in antinomianism - the idea that faith alone is necessary for salvation. Also founded Portsmouth in 1638 (later joined Providence to make Rhode Island)

William Penn

A young Quaker convert who was given Pennsylvania as a debt from the royal family to his father. Created a Frame of Government (1682-83) and founded the colony of Delaware.

Jamestown

Founded in 1607 by King James I. Captain John Smith, John Rolfe, and his wife Pocahontas kept the colony alive after an alliance on trade failed when natives attacked.

Captain John Smith

Led Jamestown through its first five years and helped create a new, profitable variety of tobacco

John Rolfe

With Captain John Smith, created a new, profitable variety of tobacco. Married a Native American named Pocahontas

Puritans

Moderate dissenters who believed the Church of England could be reformed. To seek freedom, they found the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Separatists

Radical dissenters who wanted a separate church. Established the Plymouth Colony as Pilgrims (came on the Mayflower)

Great Migration

Led by John Winthrop, 1000 Puritans sailed to Massachusetts Bay Colony and founded Boston (1630). A civil war brought 15,000 more settlers from England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

King Philip’s War

A chief of the Wampanoags (Metacom a.k.a. King Philip) unified southern New England tribes against England. Lasted 1 year (1675-76), killed thousands, but the English won.

Mayflower Compact

A document where the Pilgrims pledged to make decisions by the will of the majority (1620).

Virginia House of Burgesses

The first representative assembly in America (1619), founded in Jamestown, gave colonists the same rights as residents in England.

Bacon’s Rebellion

Nathaniel Bacon led a rebellion against Governor Berkeley’s government, resenting wealthy planters and native raids. Jamestown was burned down and Governor Berkeley' was suppressed.

Joint-Stock Company

Pooled the savings of many investors, thereby spreading the risk.

Mercantilism

The belief in the benefits of profitable trading.

Navigation Acts

(1650-73) Allowed colonial trade to only be transported by English-built ships, to England, and through the ports of England (non-exclusive goods)

Indentured Servants

Young Europeans work for a master (4-7 years) in return for room, board, and sometimes freedom

Triangular Trade

Ships traded rum for enslaved Africans in West Africa, sold survivors for sugarcane, which was sold to New England to make rum

Middle Passage

The voyage enslaved Africans took and often died on, to the colonies for European settlers

New England Confederation

Threatened by France, Spain, Natives, and the possibility of a civil war, the New England colonies formed a military alliance

Benjamin Franklin

Famous author (“Poor Richard’s Almanack”) who invented bifocal glasses, the Franklin Stove, and put the first cartoon in “Gazette” newspaper

Poor Richard’s Almanack

Ben Franklin’s best-selling book

Great Awakening

A hurricane that brought religious feeling to the colonies, making them think god was angry with them

Jonathan Edwards

Reverend who expressed Great Awakening ideas in his sermons “sinners in the hands of an angry god.” Said those with patience got grace, and those without would be damned

George Whitefield

Said those who didn’t believe in Jesus would burn in hell and those with faith could understand gospel

John Peter Zenger

A newspaper publisher who bashed the NY governor and inspired others to speak up though the news

Enlightenment

A European movement in literature and philosophy

Town Meetings

Dominant form of government in New England where public issues were voted on directly

Harvard

First college in America (1636, Puritan, Cambridge, Massachusetts)

John Locke: Two Treatise of Government

Stated that the government should follow natural rights and, if not, citizens had the right to fight for them