Studied by 12 people
Emergency Preparedness (WHO)
A continuous process in which action, funding, partnerships and political commitment at all levels must be sustained
It relies on all stakeholders working together effectively to plan, invest in and implement priority actions
The knowledge and capacities and organizational systems developed by governments, response and recovery organizations, communities and individuals to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from the impacts of likely, imminent, emerging, or current emergencies
Disaster Preparedness (International Federation of Red Cross/Crescent)
measures taken to prepare for and reduce the effects of disasters
to predict and, where possible, prevent disasters, mitigate their impact on vulnerable populations, and respond to and effectively cope with their consequences
Disaster Preparedness
provides a platform to design effective, realistic and coordinated planning, reduces duplication of efforts and increase the overall effectiveness of National Societies, household and community members disaster preparedness and response efforts
activities embedded with risk reduction measures can prevent disaster situations and also result in saving maximum lives and livelihoods during any disaster situation, enabling the affected population to get back to normalcy within a short time period
continuous and integrated process resulting from a wide range of risk reduction activities and resources rather than from a distinct sectoral activity by itself.
requires the contributions of many different areas—ranging from training and logistics, to health care, recovery, livelihood to institutional development.
Strategic Framework for Emergency Preparedness
Common, efficient, coordinated multi-sectoral approach
unifying framework which identifies the principles and elements of effective country health emergency preparedness
adopts the major lessons of previous initiatives and lays out the planning and implementation process by which countries can determine their priorities and develop or strengthen their operational capacities
capitalizes on the strengths of current initiatives and pushes for more integrated action at a time when there is both increased political will and increased funding available to support preparedness efforts.
advocates for prioritizing financial and other resources for community and country emergency preparedness, and for mobilizing and sustaining increased domestic and international investment
includes local and national outbreaks of infectious diseases that have the potential to cross borders
epidemics and pandemics
other types of emergencies caused by natural, technological and societal hazards that can have a significant impact on people’s health and on society
Operational readiness to respond to emergencies
The government should be able to respond and address emergencies
Resilient health system
despite challenges it must continue to function
One Health at the human-animal-environment interface
has three components: human, animal, and environmental health. When there is a typhoon, you have to consider the animals and the area
A whole-of-government, whole-of-society approach
all resources of the government and society should be used
coordination, communication, and collaboration
How do you achieve One Health?
emergency preparedness
plans for emergency preparedness
response and recovery
coordination mechanisms
key areas for emergency preparedness framework
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)
agency responsible for disaster management
Old name: National Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC)
Office of National [Civil] Defense (DND)
Department of NDRRMC
Climate Change Commission
agency responsible for the control and implementation of program that involves the effects of climate change
National Nutrition Council (NNC)
Agency responsible for maintaining nutrition during disaster
Department of Finance
in charge of contingency funding, logistics, funds, etc.
Coordination
must coordinate with all departments of the government
Exercise of power
you must exercise authority over these departments
Financing
they must have sufficient funds
assess your risk and capacity
what are the potential risks and what is your capability in addressing them
Planning
use the information as a basis of planning
Implementing
once you have a plan, implement it
Evaluating and Correcting
implemented plan must be evaluated and corrected if necessary
Bioterrorism
Biological agents are used to cause terror
Biological agents
organisms or toxins that can kill or disable people, livestock, and crops
can be spread by spraying them into the air, person-to-person contact, infecting animals that carry the disease to humans and by contaminating food and water.
Biological attack
deliberate release of germs or other biological substances that can make you sics
chemical weapons
defined as "chemical substances, whether gaseous, liquid or solid, which might be employed in warfare because of their direct toxic effects on man, animals and plants"
expanded to include "not only toxic chemicals but also ammunition and equipment for their dispersal"
Dr. Titos Quibuyen of the Institute of Chemistry of U.P. Diliman
toxic chemical
"chemical which, through its chemical effects on living process may cause death, temporary loss of performance, or permanent injury to people and animal"
High toxicity
To be used as a weapon, such a substance must satisfy the following requirements:
not everybody will die, but it must cause death or long term consequences
Not too difficult to handle
terrorists do not want to die themselves during the delivery of the biological weapon
Good shelf life without degradation and corroding packaging
important in long term planning
stockpiling the agents to be used
Resistant to atmospheric water, air, and other external factors
effect must not be degraded when deployed in air or water
Ability to withstand heat when dispersed
Tokyo Subway Sarin Gas Attack
March 20, 1995
released in 3 different stations
colorless, odorless, lightweight
inhalation causes paralysis of the body
respiratory arrest because the nerves that causes for your lungs to expand will stop
purified from pesticide
Anthrax (Amerithrax)
2001
cutaneous to the skin and may also be pulmonary
PNP: Bureau of Fire
who should respond in the event of a civilian bioterrorism attack
Armed Forces of the Philippines
who should respond in the event of a bioterrorism attack on the state itself
Preparedness & Prevention
Detection, diagnosis, and mitigation of illness and injury caused by biological and chemical terrorism is a complex process that involves numerous partners and activities
require special emergency preparedness in all cities and states
provide self-assessment tools for terrorism preparedness, including performance standards, attack simulations, and other exercises
encourage and support applied research to develop innovative tools and strategies
Detection & Surveillance
essential for ensuring a prompt response to a biological or chemical attack, including the provision of prophylactic medicines, chemical antidotes, or vaccines
integrate surveillance for illness and injury resulting from biological and chemical terrorism
Diagnosis & Characterization of Biological & Chemical Agents
create a multilevel laboratory response network for bioterrorism (LRNB)
transfer diagnostic technology to state health laboratories and others who will perform initial testing
create an in-house rapid-response and advanced technology (RRAT) laboratory
Response
A comprehensive public health response to a biological or chemical terrorist event involves epidemiologic investigation, medical treatment and prophylaxis for affected persons, and the initiation of disease prevention or environmental decontamination measures
Communication systems
___ with the public through the news media will also be essential to limit terrorists' ability to induce public panic and disrupt daily life
state-of-the-art communication system that will support disease surveillance
rapid notification and information exchange regarding disease outbreaks that are possibly related to bioterrorism
dissemination of diagnostic results and emergency health information
coordination of emergency response activities
During the next 5 years, CDC will work with state and local health agencies to develop:
House Bill 4458
proposes the establishment of an integrated chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear (CBRN) resiliency program to prevent, control, respond and manage the risk and impact of the global nuclear and biological warfare on the country
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