APHG 24-25 Unit 2, Part 2 Vocabulary (2.10-12, Modules 15-17)

voluntary migration

Migration that is done willingly

international migration

When moves are made across national borders

guest worker

A person with temporary permission to work in another country

transnational migration

When migrants move back and forth between their home countries and those to which they have migrated

internal migration or interregional migration

When people move within the borders of a country

Great Migration

The twentieth-century movement of 6 million African Americans from the rural southern states to the cities of the midwestern and northeastern states

rural-to-urban migration

When people move from the countryside to cities

residential mobility

Moves that occur within a metropolitan area

step (or stepwise) migration

Migration carried out in a series of stages, usually from nearby to bigger and more distant places

chain migration

The process by which some people's migration to a new place leads their family members, friends, and others to move to the same place

return migration

Migrants going back, or returning, to their previous place of residence or origin

Black Belt

Ethnic homeland in the U.S. South

seasonal migration

Migration based on the time of year

transhumance

A phenomenon where herders and their livestock move seasonally between their summer and winter pastures

mobility transition model

Geographer Wilbur Zelinsky's conclusion that there are regularities in migration as an essential component of a country's modernization process

circulation

Short-term and cyclical movement that occurs repeatedly on a regular basis

forced migration

Migration caused by forces out of one's control, such as disasters, social conflicts, or developmental projects.

refugees

People who leave their country because of persecution based on race, ethnicity, religion, nationality, or political opinion

internally displaced person (IDP)

Someone who remains within his or her country's borders despite being persecuted by their home country.

ethnic cleansing

The forced removal of one ethnic group by another ethnic group to create an ethnically consistent territory.

repatriated

When refugees or displaced persons return to their home country.

spatial mobility

All forms of geographical movement, including people's everyday commuting and travels

social (upward) mobility

Mobility that implies a change in social hierarchy

migration

The long-term or permanent relocation of individuals, families, or entire communities from one place to another

migrant or mover

A person who migrates or moves

non-migrants or stayers

People who do not move

origin

A person's location before migration

destination

The place where the migrant is going

emigration or out-migration

The act of a migrant leaving their place (country) of origin.

emigrants or out-migrants

People who leave their country of origin

immigration or in-migration

The act of a migrant arriving at their destination country

immigrants or in-migrants

People who arrive at their destination country

migration stream

The flow of all migrants from an origin to a destination

counterstream

The flow of all migrants in the direction opposite a particular migration stream, from its destination back to the origin

migration age profile

The relatively stable relationship between the odds of migration and age across different countries

brain drain

A phenomenon where a country or a place loses young, more educated, and skilled people through migration

brain gain

A phenomenon where a country or a place gains young, more educated, and skilled people through migration

push-pull theory of migration

Theory asserting that two contrasting sets of factors are at work in migration decisions

push factors

Factors that cause people to be dissatisfied with their present locales and want to move somewhere else

pull factors

The attributes of other places that make them appealing to potential migrants

intervening obstacles

The complications that potential migrants will need to overcome to reach their destination

social networks

People's friends and relatives

intervening opportunity

A nearby attractive locale where migrants may decide to settle instead of going to the intended destination farther away

Diaspora

Involuntary mass dispersions of a population from its home territory