Histological Organization of Bone and Skeletal Anatomy

Vocabulary based flashcards covering histological bone structures, skull anatomy including sutures and foramen, the axial skeleton, and the appendicular skeleton including markings of the long bones and girdle structures.

Periosteum

The outer membrane/layer covering the histological organization of bone structure.

Osteon

The functional unit of compact bone, also known as a Haversian system.

Central canal

The channel in the center of an osteon that contains blood vessels and nerves.

Concentric lamella

Circular layers of bone matrix that surround the central canal of an osteon.

Interstitial lamella

Layers of bone matrix found in the spaces between osteons.

Circumferential lamella

Layers of bone matrix that go around the entire outer or inner circumference of the bone.

Lacuna

Small spaces/cavities within the bone matrix that house osteocytes.

Osteocytes

Mature bone cells located within the lacunae.

Perforating canal

Channels that run transverse or perpendicular to the central canals to connect them.

Squamous suture

The suture located between the temporal and parietal bones.

Lambdoid suture

The suture located between the occipital and parietal bones.

Coronal suture

The suture located between the frontal and parietal bones.

Sagittal suture

The suture located between the two parietal bones.

Supraorbital notch

A structure or depression located on the frontal bone above the eye orbit.

Foramen Magnum

The large opening in the occipital bone that allows the spinal cord to connect to the brain.

Mastoid process

A prominent structure located on the temporal bone posterior to the external acoustic canal.

Zygomatic arch

The bridge of bone formed by the junction of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone and the temporal process of the zygomatic bone.

Alveolar processes

The specific structures on the maxillary and mandible bones where teeth are rooted.

Vomer

The facial bone that forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum.

Mental foramen

An opening on the anterior body of the mandible.

Sella turcica

A saddle-shaped structure on the sphenoid bone; the 'seat' is called the Hypophyseal fossa.

Crista galli

A ridge-like structure on the ethmoid bone also referred to as the 'Rooster Neck'.

Cribriform plate

The porous area of the ethmoid bone located lateral to the crista galli.

Petrous Part

The ridge-like part of the temporal bone in the interior of the skull.

Hypoglossal Canal

A canal that passes through the occipital condyles.

C1-atlas

The first cervical vertebra that supports the skull.

C2-axis

The second cervical vertebra characterized by the dens (odontoid process).

Costal facets

Articulation points found specifically on thoracic vertebrae for rib attachment.

Xiphoid process (xiphisternum)

The small, inferior-most part of the sternum.

Glenoid fossa/cavity

The concavity on the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus.

Trochlea

A pulley-shaped structure at the distal end of the humerus that articulates with the ulna.

Olecranon (process)

The structure on the proximal ulna that forms the point of the elbow.

Acetabulum

The large concavity on the coxa where the head of the femur articulates.

Ischial tuberosity

The rough, thickened area of the ischium that supports weight when sitting.

Male Pelvis

Characterized by a pubic angle of $<90$ degrees.

Linea aspera

A prominent ridge on the posterior surface of the femur shaft.

Medial malleolus

A prominent structure at the distal end of the tibia forming the inner ankle.

Hamate

A carpal bone identified by its 'hook' structure.

Calcaneus

The largest tarsal bone that forms the heel of the foot.