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74 Terms

1
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Define: Dead Loads

forces from all the immovable elements of a building, weight of the building, walls, floors and built ins

2
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Define: Live Loads

forces from all MOVABLE elements of a building: people, equipment, and furniture

3
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What is compression?

capacity to resist being pushed together

4
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What is tension?

capacity to resist being pulled apart

5
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wood, steel

Frame is made up of what two things?

6
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brick, concrete and stone

Masonry is...

7
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single stone standing upright

Menhirs are..?

8
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Several stones supporting a stone slab

What is a dolmen?

9
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circular ditches around which some megalithic monuments are arranged

What are henges?

10
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circle of stones

What is a cromlech?

11
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big rocks

Stone Megalith are essentially...

12
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Stonehenge

What is the most famous of neolithic monuments built in 3000-2100 b.c?

13
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post and lintels

What is trabeation?

14
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a hole or recess cut into a part, designed to receive a corresponding projection (a tenon) on another part so as to join or lock the parts together.

What is mortise and tenon?

15
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Step, Bent, Straight

What are the three types of pyramids?

16
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a hole or recess cut into a part, designed to receive a corresponding projection (a tenon) on another part so as to join or lock the parts together.

What is mortise and tenon?

17
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Step, Bent, Straight

What are the three types of pyramids?

18
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flat platforms, or steps, receding from the ground up, to achieve a completed shape similar to a geometric pyramid

A step pyramid is...

19
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Saqqara Djoser's Step Pyramid

What is a name of a famous step pyramid?

20
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sneferu's south pyramid

What is the name of the famous bent pyramid?

21
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a rectangular stepped tower, sometimes surmounted by a temple

What is a Ziggurat?

22
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2125 BC

Some of the oldest pyramids date back to....

23
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mud bricks

What were old pyramids built from?

24
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Great Pyramid
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
The Statue of Zeus
Mausoleum of Halicarnassus
The Lighthouse of Alexandria
The Colossus of Rhodes

What are the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World?

25
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Egyptian anmed Imhotep, the one who comes in peace, born a commoner

Who was the first recorded architect?

26
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Zoser

Who hired Imhotep between 2700 to 2600 to design and build his tomb?

27
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stone

Imhotep translated traditional building materials of mud, wood, and reeds into...

28
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astronomer, magician and doctor

What were three other things Imhotep was skilled in?

29
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true

true or false: Imhotep was worshiped by the Egyptians as a god.

30
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serve as a tomb for kings

What were the purpose of pyramids?

31
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reflective limestone, quarried east bank, gold veneer found at top

What were pyramids covered in?

32
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Sun god, RA

Pyramids represent the rays of who?

33
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safety; corpse

Pyramids ensure the _______ and long lastingness of the pharaohs ________ and make tangible to his people the hope that resides in his perpetuity.

34
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pyramid of Giza

The pyramid of Cheops is known as

35
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Luxor Temple

____________ is a large Ancient Egyptian temple complex located on the east bank of the Nile River in the city today known as Luxor and was founded in 1400 BCE. Known in the Egyptian language as ipet resyt, or "the southern sanctuary".

36
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large spaces with flat roofs supported by rows of columns ex)temple at karnac

Hypostyle is...

37
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temples

What were pyramids in central america used for?

38
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Lions Gate

the main entrance of the Bronze Age citadel of Mycenae, southern Greece

39
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allow defenders increased
opportunity to repeal attackers

What did the narrow walls of lions gate do?

40
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language

Greeks were united by

41
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a series of regularly spaced columns supporting an entablature and usually one side of a roof structure

A colonnade is...

42
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private property
individual freedom less than 35% of population
democracy

Greek Architecture was founded on....

43
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a series of regularly spaced columns supporting an entablature and usually one side of a roof structure

A colonnade is...

44
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non greeks

Temples were built to impress...

45
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doric, ionic, corinthian

What are the 3 order styles?

46
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one of the vertical blocks separating the metopes on a Droic frieze

What is a triglyph ?

47
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oldest, massive

The Doric order is the _____ simplest and most ______

48
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metopes and triglyphs

Entablatures have ______ and _______.

49
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delicate

Ionic order is characterized as _________ order, female.

50
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Temple of Athena Nike

Where are ionic orders found?

51
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male doric orders

Ionic orders contrasted with...

52
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smaller buildings and interiors

Ionic orders were used for?

53
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capital

A corinthian order is the same as ionic, except a new type of ________

54
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ornate

Capital is more _________

55
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thinner in the middle

The slight convex bulge given to a column to offset the optical illusion that it is.....

56
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open meeting place or market

What is an agora?

57
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the principle chamber or enclosed part of a classical temple

What is cella?

58
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turks

Lord elgin purchased marble from who?

59
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arch

The romans made great use of the?

60
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post and beams

Greeks made objects in the landscape: balance, harmony, refinement of form, not structural innovation, _________

61
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construction and technology

Romans made innovations in _________ and __________ including the arch, vault, dome and concrete.

62
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Corinthian

The composite order combines ionic votes with ____________ acanthus leaves, a roman innovation

63
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two barrel vaults
opens a space in 4 directions
used to create huge interiors
in bathes
gyms

What is a groin vault?

64
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pediment

The Pantheon is has a ________

65
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triangular

The Pantheon is ______ shape over a colonnade.

66
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a colonnaded space forming an entrance or vestibule

What is Portico?

67
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timber

Early christian churches were based on _________ roofed basilicas.

68
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Curvy triangular piece, a spherical triangle forming the transition from the circular plan of a dome to the polygonal plan of its supporting structure

What are pendentives?

69
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byzantine church

Hagia Sophia was a

70
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ornate

In Gothic Architecture structure is

71
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thick;right angles

Buttresses are not ______ walls; used at _________angles to take collected pressures of ribbed vault and arch.

72
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semi circular projection containing an altar

What is an apse?

73
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two arms in a latin cross plan

What is a transept?

74
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space beyond the transept crossing toward the west or front of the church

What is a nave?