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Define: Dead Loads
forces from all the immovable elements of a building, weight of the building, walls, floors and built ins
Define: Live Loads
forces from all MOVABLE elements of a building: people, equipment, and furniture
What is compression?
capacity to resist being pushed together
What is tension?
capacity to resist being pulled apart
wood, steel
Frame is made up of what two things?
brick, concrete and stone
Masonry is...
single stone standing upright
Menhirs are..?
Several stones supporting a stone slab
What is a dolmen?
circular ditches around which some megalithic monuments are arranged
What are henges?
circle of stones
What is a cromlech?
big rocks
Stone Megalith are essentially...
Stonehenge
What is the most famous of neolithic monuments built in 3000-2100 b.c?
post and lintels
What is trabeation?
a hole or recess cut into a part, designed to receive a corresponding projection (a tenon) on another part so as to join or lock the parts together.
What is mortise and tenon?
Step, Bent, Straight
What are the three types of pyramids?
a hole or recess cut into a part, designed to receive a corresponding projection (a tenon) on another part so as to join or lock the parts together.
What is mortise and tenon?
Step, Bent, Straight
What are the three types of pyramids?
flat platforms, or steps, receding from the ground up, to achieve a completed shape similar to a geometric pyramid
A step pyramid is...
Saqqara Djoser's Step Pyramid
What is a name of a famous step pyramid?
sneferu's south pyramid
What is the name of the famous bent pyramid?
a rectangular stepped tower, sometimes surmounted by a temple
What is a Ziggurat?
2125 BC
Some of the oldest pyramids date back to....
mud bricks
What were old pyramids built from?
Great Pyramid
Hanging Gardens of Babylon
The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
The Statue of Zeus
Mausoleum of Halicarnassus
The Lighthouse of Alexandria
The Colossus of Rhodes
What are the 7 Wonders of the Ancient World?
Egyptian anmed Imhotep, the one who comes in peace, born a commoner
Who was the first recorded architect?
Zoser
Who hired Imhotep between 2700 to 2600 to design and build his tomb?
stone
Imhotep translated traditional building materials of mud, wood, and reeds into...
astronomer, magician and doctor
What were three other things Imhotep was skilled in?
true
true or false: Imhotep was worshiped by the Egyptians as a god.
serve as a tomb for kings
What were the purpose of pyramids?
reflective limestone, quarried east bank, gold veneer found at top
What were pyramids covered in?
Sun god, RA
Pyramids represent the rays of who?
safety; corpse
Pyramids ensure the _______ and long lastingness of the pharaohs ________ and make tangible to his people the hope that resides in his perpetuity.
pyramid of Giza
The pyramid of Cheops is known as
Luxor Temple
____________ is a large Ancient Egyptian temple complex located on the east bank of the Nile River in the city today known as Luxor and was founded in 1400 BCE. Known in the Egyptian language as ipet resyt, or "the southern sanctuary".
large spaces with flat roofs supported by rows of columns ex)temple at karnac
Hypostyle is...
temples
What were pyramids in central america used for?
Lions Gate
the main entrance of the Bronze Age citadel of Mycenae, southern Greece
allow defenders increased
opportunity to repeal attackers
What did the narrow walls of lions gate do?
language
Greeks were united by
a series of regularly spaced columns supporting an entablature and usually one side of a roof structure
A colonnade is...
private property
individual freedom less than 35% of population
democracy
Greek Architecture was founded on....
a series of regularly spaced columns supporting an entablature and usually one side of a roof structure
A colonnade is...
non greeks
Temples were built to impress...
doric, ionic, corinthian
What are the 3 order styles?
one of the vertical blocks separating the metopes on a Droic frieze
What is a triglyph ?
oldest, massive
The Doric order is the _____ simplest and most ______
metopes and triglyphs
Entablatures have ______ and _______.
delicate
Ionic order is characterized as _________ order, female.
Temple of Athena Nike
Where are ionic orders found?
male doric orders
Ionic orders contrasted with...
smaller buildings and interiors
Ionic orders were used for?
capital
A corinthian order is the same as ionic, except a new type of ________
ornate
Capital is more _________
thinner in the middle
The slight convex bulge given to a column to offset the optical illusion that it is.....
open meeting place or market
What is an agora?
the principle chamber or enclosed part of a classical temple
What is cella?
turks
Lord elgin purchased marble from who?
arch
The romans made great use of the?
post and beams
Greeks made objects in the landscape: balance, harmony, refinement of form, not structural innovation, _________
construction and technology
Romans made innovations in _________ and __________ including the arch, vault, dome and concrete.
Corinthian
The composite order combines ionic votes with ____________ acanthus leaves, a roman innovation
two barrel vaults
opens a space in 4 directions
used to create huge interiors
in bathes
gyms
What is a groin vault?
pediment
The Pantheon is has a ________
triangular
The Pantheon is ______ shape over a colonnade.
a colonnaded space forming an entrance or vestibule
What is Portico?
timber
Early christian churches were based on _________ roofed basilicas.
Curvy triangular piece, a spherical triangle forming the transition from the circular plan of a dome to the polygonal plan of its supporting structure
What are pendentives?
byzantine church
Hagia Sophia was a
ornate
In Gothic Architecture structure is
thick;right angles
Buttresses are not ______ walls; used at _________angles to take collected pressures of ribbed vault and arch.
semi circular projection containing an altar
What is an apse?
two arms in a latin cross plan
What is a transept?
space beyond the transept crossing toward the west or front of the church
What is a nave?