Reproduction in Plants

Vegetative Reproduction

• asexual reproduction in plants

• offspring develops from roots/shoots of mature plants

diploid sporophytes

makes haploid spores

haploid gametophytes

makes haploid gametes

how do animals and plants produce gametes

animals - meosis

plants- mitosis

Non vascular plants are what dominant

gametophyte dominant

sporophytes in mosses are what

reduced and dependant on gametophyte for nutrition

gametophytes in mosses are what

dominant and independant than the sporophyte

male and female spores in mosses produce what

they produce male and female gametophytes

reproductive structure in male gametophytes:

antheridia

• makes sperm

reproductive structure in female gametophytes:

archegonia

• makes egg

mature sporophytes in ferns are what

dominant and independent of the gametophyte

mature gametophytes in sperm are what

reduced, free living, and independant of the sporophyte

sexes in ferns

spores produce hermaphrodite gametophytes

pollen in angiosperm and gymnosperm

• haploid male gametophyte

• disperses sperm

seeds in angiosperm and gymnosperms

disperses diploid offspring

has:

• protective coat

• multicellular embryo

pollen and seed production in gymnosperms and angiosperms

• gymnosperms produce pollen and seeds in cones

• angiosperms produce pollen and seeds in flowers

• angiosperms make a fruit that surrounds seeds

mature sporophytes in seed plants

mature sporophytes are dominant and independant

gametophytes in seed plants

• reduced and retained within sporophyte tissues

• dependant on sporophyte for nutrition

sexes of seed plants

male spores make pollen

female spores and ovules

pollination in seed plants

when pollen grains land on females reproductive structure

• carried there by vectors

fertilization in seed plants

when pollen tube enters ovule and sperm nucleus fuses with egg

• can happen hours to months after pollination

cones in gymnosperms

male cones make polen grains which travel to female cones

female cones make ovules which stay inside it

fruit structure from ovaries

• ovules turn into seeds after fertilization

• ovary surrounding seed turns into fruit

fruit function

attract seed dispersers and protect seeds