Biology natural selection

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Paradigm shift

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Change in scientific understanding contradicting previous beliefs.

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Natural selection

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Process where organisms better adapted survive and reproduce.

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22 Terms

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Paradigm shift

Change in scientific understanding contradicting previous beliefs.

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Natural selection

Process where organisms better adapted survive and reproduce.

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Mutation

Change in DNA creating new alleles.

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Meiosis

Cell division producing genetic variation in offspring. Produces 4 haploid daughter cells

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Sexual reproduction

Combines genes from two parents, increasing variation.

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Asexual reproduction

Single parent reproduction, limited variation.

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Intraspecific competition

Competition among individuals of the same species.

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Abiotic factors

Non-living environmental factors affecting organisms.

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Density-independent factors

Environmental pressures not influenced by population density.

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Density-dependent factors

Environmental pressures influenced by population density.

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Fitness

Heritable traits enhancing survival and reproduction.

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Evolutionary change

Cumulative alteration in allele frequencies over time.

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Acquired traits

Characteristics gained during life, not inherited.

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Sexual selection

Mate choice based on advantageous traits.

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Gene pool

Total genetic diversity within a population.

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Neo-Darwinism

Integration of natural selection and genetics.

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Allele frequency

Proportion of a specific allele in a population.

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Stabilising selection

Average phenotypes favored over extremes.

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Disruptive selection

Extreme phenotypes favored over average ones.

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Directional selection

One extreme phenotype favored over another.

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Hardy-Weinberg equation

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

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Artificial selection

Human-directed breeding for desired traits.