Nebular Hypothesis Lesson Notes

Solar Nebula

A vast cloud of gas and dust exists in space. Gravity causes the (blank) to collapse inward. Rotation flattens it into a disk shape.

Sun

At the center of the nebula, pressure and temperature increase dramatically due to gravitational compression. Nuclear fusion ignites, forming the

Planetesimals

Particles in the nebula collide and stick together, forming larger objects called (blank). Gravitational attraction causes (blank) to grow in size.

Protoplanets

Planetesimals continue to collide and merge, forming larger bodies called (blank).

Earth

What is being formed based on the question below?

It heats up due to internal energy sources (gravitational contraction, radioactive decay). I Heavier elements (iron, nickel) sink to the core, forming the (blank)'s layered structure. Lighter elements (silicon, oxygen) form its mantle and crust.

Formation

The Earth's surface gradually cools, allowing for the (blank) of a solid crust. Volcanic outgassing releases gases into the atmosphere, creating the early atmosphere.

Impact Events

What event is being described in the description below?

Earth is bombarded by asteroids and comets, contributing to its mass and potentially delivering water and organic compounds.

Temperature

Influences how quickly atoms & molecules move

Nutrients

Used to build and maintain an organism's body

Water

It dissolves & transports chemicals within and to and from a cell

Atmosphere

Traps heat, shields the surface from harmful radiation, and provides chemicals needed for life, such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide.

Energy

Organisms use light or chemical (blank) to run their life processes.

System

as a set of interconnected components that are interacting to form a unified whole.

HYDROSPHERE BIOSPHERE LITHOSPHERE ATMOSPHERE

Order of “spheres” in earth in ascending order

LITHOSPHERE/GEOSPHERE

it includes the rocks of the crust and mantle, the metallic liquid outer core, and the solid metallic inner core.

like the skeleton of the planet. It comprises the Solid Earth (non-living).

BIOSPHERE

the set of all life forms on Earth. • It covers all ecosystems - from the soil to the rainforest, from mangroves to coral reefs, and from the plankton-rich ocean surface to the deep sea.

Aquatic

This includes freshwater and marine

Forest

includes tropical, temperate, and boreal. It encompasses any habitat on land that is dominated by trees, and the characteristic communities of plants, animals, and other organisms that inhabit these regions.

Desert

characterized by low rainfall.

Tundra

coldest of all biomes. It has low biotic diversity and single vegetation structure

Savanna

characterized by an extensive cover of grasses with scattered trees.

HYDROSPHERE

About 70% of the Earth is covered with liquid water (.....sphere) and much of it is in the form of ocean water.

ATMOSPHERE

the thin gaseous layer that envelopes the lithosphere.

Volcano

This causes profound direct and indirect effects on the hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. Emits large amount of particulate matter into the air

Acid rain

any form of liquid precipitation (hydrosphere) that contains high level of nitric and sulfuric acid.

Rain

brings these acids to the Earth, acidifying soil (geosphere) lakes and rivers (hydrosphere).

BIOSPHERE LITHOSPHERE

1. Weathering and erosion controls nutrient supply to life in the oceans.

choices are lithosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere

BIOSPHERE ATMOSPHERE

2. Atmospheric chemistry and temperature affects organisms.

choices are lithosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere

LITHOSPHERE ATMOSPHERE

3. Volcanic eruptions affect natural land formation and adds carbon dioxide and aerosols to the atmosphere.

choices are lithosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere

HYDROSPHERE LITHOSPHERE

4. Rainfall and run off erode the land surface

choices are lithosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere