Structural Kinesiology Unit 2

acetabulofemoral joint

hip joint, ball and socket

head of femur connecting with acetabulum of pelvic girdle

pelvic girdle

ilium, ischium, pubis

right and left pelvic bone joined together posteriorly by sacrum

male vs female pelvic girdle

males:

narrower pelvic outlet & inlet

greater curvature of sacrum & coccyx

narrower pubic arch

females:

wider pelvic outlet & inlet

less curvature of sacrum & coccyx

broader pubic arch

what is the longest bone in the body

femur (thigh bone)

pelvis

hip bone

ilium, ischium, pubis

ilium

upper two fifths of pelvis

ischium

the lower, posterior two fifths of the pelvis

pubis

anterior and lower one fifth of pelvis

anterior pelvic landmark

origin for hip flexors

lateral pelvic landmark

origin for hip abductors

medial pelvic landmark

origin for hip adductors

posterior pelvic landmark

origin for hip extensors

posteroinferior

origin for hip extensors

proximal thigh

insertion for short muscles of hip

origin for 3 knee extensors

Patella

insertion for 4 quadriceps muscles

proximal tibia or fibula

insertion for remainder of hip muscles

hip joint (acetabulofemoral joint)

functions in weight bearing and locomotion of upper leg and trunk

enhanced by its relatively wide range of motion

What kind of joint is the hip joint?

ball and socket (enarthrodial)

pubic symphysis joint

two pelvic bones join via superior rami

amphiarthrodial joint

sacroiliac joints

sacrum sits between the 2 pelvic bones to form these joint

synovial joint (arthrodial)

motion available in multiple planes, though limited by strong ligaments

acetabulofemoral joint (hip joint)

2nd most mobile joint of body

multiaxial arrangement

Iliofemoral or Y ligament

located anteriorly, prevents hyperextension

pubofemoral ligament

located anteromedially & inferiorly, limits excessive extension & abduction

ischiofemoral ligament

located posteriorly, limits internal rotation

teres or round ligament

attaches from deep in acetabulum to a depression in femoral head (fovea capitis), slightly limits adduction

acetabular labrum

ring of fibrocartilage that follows the outer rim of acetabulum, cushion for hip joint, acts as seal to hold femoral head in its socket

lumbar and sacral plexus (lumbosacral plexus)

innervate pelvic girdle and lower limbs

anterior pelvic rotation

anterior movement of upper pelvis; iliac crest tilts forward in sagittal plane; anterior tilt

posterior pelvic rotation

posterior movement of upper pelvis; iliac crest tilts backward in a sagittal plane; posterior tilt; posterior tilt

left lateral pelvic rotation

left pelvic half moves inferiorly in relation to right pelvis; either left pelvis rotates downward or right pelvis rotates upward in frontal plane; left lateral tilt

right lateral pelvic rotation

• Right pelvic half moves inferiorly in relation to left pelvis

• Either right pelvis rotates downward or left pelvis rotates upward in frontal plane

• Right lateral tilt

left transverse pelvic rotation

in transverse plane pelvis rotates to body's left (turns to left); right iliac crest moves anteriorly in relation to left iliac crest, which moves posteriorly

right transverse pelvic rotation

in transverse plane pelvis rotates to body's right (turns to right); left iliac crest moves anteriorly in relation to right iliac crest, which moves posteriorly

Hip Flexion

movement of femur straight anteriorly towards pelvis

hip extension

movement of femur straight posteriorly away from the pelvis; sagittal plane movement

Hip Abduction

movement of femur laterally to side away from midline

hip adduction

movement of femur medially toward midline; frontal plane movement

Hip External Rotation

rotary movement of femur laterally around its longitudinal axis away from midline; lateral rotation

Hip Internal Rotation

rotary movement of femur medially around its longitudinal axis toward the midline; medial rotation

hip diagonal abduction

movement of femur in a diagonal plane away from midline of body

hip diagonal adduction

movement of femur in a diagonal plane toward midline of body

anterior hip joint & pelvic girdle muscles

Primarily hip flexion

-Iliopsoas

-Pectineus

-Rectus femoris

-Sartorius

posterior hip joint & pelvic girdle muscles

primarily hip extension

-gluteus maximus

-biceps femoris

-semitendinosus

-semimembranosus

-external rotators

medial hip joint and pelvic girdle muscles

Primarily hip adduction

-Adductor brevis

-Adductor longus

-Adductor magnus

-Gracilis

lateral hip joint and pelvic girdle muscles

primarily hip abduction

-gluteus medius

-gluteus minimus

-external rotators

-tensor fasciae latae

thigh

divided into 3 compartments by intermuscular septa

anterior compartment of thigh

Primarily knee extensors:

Rectus femoris.

Vastus medialis.

Vastus intermedius.

Vastus lateralis.

Sartorius.

posterior compartment of thigh

Hamstring group (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus)

medial compartment of thigh

primarily adductors

• Adductor brevis

• Adductor longus

• Adductor magnus

• Pectineus

• Gracilis

Iliopsoas

hip flexion; hip external rotation; anterior pelvic tilt

• origin: iliac fossa & lower border of transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

• insertion: lesser trochanter

rectus femoris

hip flexion; knee extension; anterior pelvic tilt