Biochemistry Basics

Biochemistry Basics

What is biochemistry?

The study of the chemical processes and molecules that make up living organisms.

What is a biomolecule?

A molecule produced by or found in living organisms.

What are the four major types of biomolecules?

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

What is an atom?

The smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element.

What are the three main subatomic particles?

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

What charge does a proton have?

Positive (+).

What charge does a neutron have?

No charge (neutral).

What charge does an electron have?

Negative (−).

Where are protons and neutrons found?

In the nucleus of an atom.

Where are electrons found?

In regions surrounding the nucleus called electron shells/orbitals.

What is a molecule?

Two or more atoms chemically bonded together.

What is a chemical bond?

An attractive force that holds atoms together.

What is an element?

A pure substance made of only one type of atom.

Which elements are especially important in living organisms?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur (often remembered as CHNOPS).