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Who is lev vgotsky?
Developmental psychologist
He studied the child’s Mind and how it feeds on the language of social interaction
What is sociocultural theory of development?
A person's cognitive development is largely influenced by their surrounding culture
mention the vgotsky theory. (اقسام)
sociocultural
Sociohistoric
Situative
What is the definition of Sociocultural?
learning is a social process tied to and driven by our specific culture.
What is the definition sociohistoric?
learning is a social process tied to and driven by our specific history.
What is the definition situative?
learning is tied to the context or situation where it was learned
Continue:
In sociocultural theory, Stresses that the interaction between(-) And the (-)
This theory stresses the interaction between developing people and the culture in which they live.
Sociocultural theory suggests that human learning is largely a ?
Social process
Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory of human learning describes learning as?
social process and the origination of human intelligence in society or culture.
The major theme of Vygotsky’s theoretical framework is that?
social interaction plays a fundamental role in the development of cognition.
Vygotsky believed everything is learned on two levels?
through interaction with others
integrated into the individual’s mental structure.
Every function in the child’s cultural development appears twice:
on the social level:
between people (interpsychological)
on the individual level:
inside the child (intrapsychological).
Every function in the child’s cultural development appears twice: first, on the social level, and later, on the individual level; This applies equally on the higher functions, what are they?
voluntary attention
logical memory
formation of concepts
All the higher functions originate as
as actual relationships between individuals
Vygotsky focused on the (-) and the (-) in which they (-) and (-) in shared experiences.
Vygotsky focused on the connections between people and the sociocultural context in which they act and interact in shared experiences.
According to Vygotsky, humans use (-) that develop from a (-), such as (-) and (-), to mediate their (-)
According to Vygotsky, humans use tools that develop from a culture, such as speech and writing, to mediate their social environments
Initially children develop these tools to serve solely as?
social functions
ways to communicate needs.
Vygotsky believed that the internalization of human tools (speech & writing) led to ?
higher thinking skills.
What are the Core Concepts of Vygotsky's Theory?
Social interaction: the role of more knowledgeable others (MKOs)
Zone of proximal development (ZPD)
What does More Knowledgeable Others (MKOs) mean?
anyone who possesses a higher level of ability or understanding than the learner in a specific area.
MKO could be?
Teacher
Adult
Peer
Younger person
Computer
MKO can guide the learner's development within
With their zone of proximal development
A second aspect of Vygotsky’s theory is the idea that?
the potential for cognitive development is limited to a "zone of proximal development" (ZPD).
"zone of proximal development" (ZPD) is the area of exploration for which?
the student is cognitively prepared, but requires help and social interaction to fully develop.
The range of skill that can be developed with (-) or (-) exceeds what can be attained alone. This is the definition of ?
adult guidance
peer collaboration
This is the definition of zone of proximal development (ZPD)
Draw the graph that resembles the zone of proximal development.
What is the definition of zone of proximal development (ZPD) according to vgotsky?
The distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem-solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers.
zone of proximal development" (ZPD) Divide into?
“intermental” learning.
“intramental” learning or ability.
What does intermental learning mean?
an individual would interact with another person, who supported them to learn a new skill
What does interamental learning “ability” mean?
Then the individual would internalise the skill enabling them to carry this new skill out on their own
The change from intermental to intramental ability is dependent on?
interaction with other people
Who are the theorists that were under paradigm of constructivism?
Piaget
Vgotsky
Burner
What does Constructivism?
proposed method of knowledge development based on an individual's active participation in problem-solving and critical thinking.
How does the ndividual constructs their own knowledge base?
using old constructs in new situations
dapting them to fit newly learned information.
In this process the individual is formulating new constructs.
When the individual constructs their own knowledge base “Constructivism” this depends on?
interaction with other individuals.
Vygotsky’s concept of scaffolding is closely related to the concept of?
the zone of proximal development.
What does scaffolding mean according to vgotsky?
temporary support given to a child by More Knowledgeable Others, that enable the child to perform a task until such time that the child can already perform the task independently.
Children who experience more difficulty in task performance are in need of greater assistance and guidance from an adult.
When the child has learned to complete the task independently, the scaffolds are removed by the adult, as they are no longer needed.
This comes under the term?
Scaffolding
Vygotsky believed that language develops from?
social interactions, for communication purposes.
Vygotsky viewed language as?
man’s greatest tool
means for communicating with the outside world.
According to Vygotsky language plays two critical roles in cognitive development?
Transmit information to children
very powerful tool of intellectual adaptation
Vygotsky differentiates between three forms of Language, what are they?
Social speech
Private speech
Inner speech
What is the definition of social speech according to vgotsky?
external communication used to talk to others
(typical from the age of two).
What does private speech mean according to vgotsky?
(typical from the age of three) which is
directed to the self and serves an intellectual function.
What is the definition of inner speech according to vgotsky?
goes underground, diminishing in audibility as
it takes on a self-regulating function and is transformed into
silent inner speech
(typical from the age of seven).
Children use (-) speech most often during intermediate difficulty tasks
Private speech
Why do Children use private speech most often during intermediate difficulty tasks?
Because they are attempting to self-regulate by verbally planning and organizing their thoughts.
children's’ private speech usually peaks at (-) years of age….?
3-4
Children’s private speech decreases at (-) years of age?
6-7
children's’ private speech gradually fades out to be mostly internalized by age (-) years.
10
What are the Piaget vs. Vygotsky : Key Difference?
What are the Implications for human development?
● Social Learning Theory highlights the influence of models’ behaviour in guiding and shaping the behaviour of others.
● Piaget and biopsychosocial approaches focus on development as a result of discrepancies where each stage of development grows from the achievements of earlier stages.✅❌
True
● vgotsky and biopsychosocial approaches focus on development as a result of discrepancies where each stage of development grows from the achievements of earlier stages.✅❌
False
Theories Vygotsky’s Theory, like biopsychosocial approaches, emphasises the importance of culture In guiding development, and in the ongoing interaction between person and cultural contexts.✅❌
True
Theories piaget’s Theory, like biopsychosocial approaches, emphasises the importance of culture In guiding development, and in the ongoing interaction between person and cultural contexts.✅❌
❌
What are the Vygotsky's theory differs from that of Piaget in a number of important ways?
Culture affects
Social factors
Role of language
Adults as important source of Cognitive development
Vygotsky's theory differs from that of Piaget in a number of important ways (sociocultural context)?
Vygotsky's theory differs from that of Piaget in a number of important ways (constructivism)?
Vygotsky's theory differs from that of Piaget in a number of important ways (key processes in development & learning)?
Vygotsky's theory differs from that of Piaget in a number of important ways (role of language)?
Vygotsky's theory differs from that of Piaget in a number of important ways (teaching implications)?
