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According to de Beauvoir, what three ways does religion oppress women?
Through religious scripture.
Through religious institutes & structures.
Through religious practices.
How does religious scripture oppress women?
conservative values which do not modernise. Women passed as livestock from father to husband.
What did Timothy 2:12 describe?
Under NO circumstances should a women dictate a man.
What dis Colossians 3:18 describe?
Same relationship as God + Man to Man + Women, blindly submissive.
How does Eve reflect the oppression of women?
“Original sin”. By eating the fruit of knowledge, women experience pain e.g menstruation/childbirth.
Humanity banished from the Garden of Eden.
Created from Adam’s rib rather than being “independent”.
How are women oppressed through religious institutes and structures?
In the Church of England, women cannot be Archbishops (2023)
In the Catholic Church, women cannot be priests.
Muslim women cannot be imams
How do religious practices oppress women?
In many religions, men and women worship separately.
How does Jean Holm describe religious practices?
Menstruation repeatedly described as dirty/expected to purify themselves as are “further from God”.
What was the impact of Leviticus 15:19-30?
A women’s menstruation stated as “uncleanliness” and contagious. Out of society for 15 days (has to kill two birds and requires a Priest for purification).
CANNOT attend the Temple in this time.
How does the Stained Glass Ceiling relate to women in religious practices?
Women unable to succeed in religious practices, barriers to their promotions.
Female priests in CoE since 1994.
One female Bishop (Stockport), exception rather than the rule.
What did Naomi Wolf’s Vigin-Whore Dichotomy describe?
Mary, mother of Jesus- pure (virgin), motherly & modest. Only exists in relation to men. Protagonist in films.
Mary Magdalene- a prostitute, sexual being & impure. Antagonist in films.
How does the Vigin-Whore Dichotomy work in modern life?
Men have a range of roles but women only viewed in two lights.
Alternative viewpoints (EVALUATION).
Karen Armstrong- “Big” religions replaced non-patriarchal small religions (many goddesses and earth & nature depicted as female).
Linda Woodhouse- Islam is misinterpreted by the West. It is an expression of feminism by wearing a veil and separated from men.
DO NOT WORK TOGETHER.
