Metabolic Processes and Bone Health

These flashcards cover key concepts in metabolic processes, bone health, skin functions, and anatomy.

What is the process of breaking down molecules to provide energy called?

Catabolism.

What do we call the process of building molecules that requires energy?

Anabolism.

In oxidation, what happens to energy?

Energy decreases.

What does reduction involve in terms of electrons?

Gain of electrons.

Which vitamin is associated with NAD as an electron carrier?

Niacin (B).

What is the end product of glycolysis?

Pyruvate.

Where does glycolysis take place?

In the cytoplasm.

How much ATP is yielded from glycolysis?

2 ATP.

What transformation occurs during the linking step?

Pyruvate is transformed into Acetyl-CoA.

What are the products of one turn of the Krebs Cycle?

1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 CO2.

Where does the Electron Transport System occur?

In the inner mitochondrial membrane.

What is chemiosmosis?

The process where protons (H+) flow down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase to generate ATP.

What is the transformation of glucose into glycogen called?

Glycogenesis.

What happens during glycogenolysis?

Glycogen is transformed into glucose.

What is the process of creating glucose from TAGs or amino acids?

Gluconeogenesis.

What is the role of Acetyl-CoA in metabolism?

Enters into the Krebs cycle and synthesizes fatty acids, ketone bodies, or cholesterol.

What regulates blood calcium levels?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcitriol, and calcitonin.

What is the function of osteoclasts?

To break down bone.

What occurs during bone remodeling?

Continuous bone turnover involving resorption and formation.

What happens to peak bone mass?

It is reached in early adulthood (around ages 25–30).

How does aging affect skin's ability to synthesize vitamin D?

Aging decreases the skin's ability to produce Vitamin D, increasing the risk of bone issues.

What are the ABCDE rules for detecting skin lesions?

Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter greater than 6mm, Evolution.