Anatomy Practical 1

Cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)

Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)

Lumbar Vertebrae (L1-L5)

thoracic

- long inferiorly positioned spinous process

- has costal facets

- long transverse processes

What type of vertebra is this?

lumbar

- large vertebra body

- short, wide spinous process

What type of vertebra is this?

cervical

- has transverse foramen

- bifid spinous process

What type of vertebra is this?

Atlas (C1)

- no vertebral body or spinous process

odontoid process (dens) on Axis (C2)

sacrum (5 fused vertebrae)

Coccyx (3-5 fused vertebrae)

vertebral body

vertebral arch (formed by pedicles and laminae)

transverse processes

spinous process

vertebral neural foramen

- holds the spinal cord

transverse foramen (cervical vertebrae only)

- holds vertebral arteries

Vertebra prominens (C7)

- spinous process is NOT forked

- transverse foramen so still cervical

superior and inferior costal facets (thoracic)

Transverse costal facet (T1-T10 only)

- articulates the tubercles of ribs

Spinous process

Lamina

pedicle

red: superior vertebral notch

green: inferior vertebral notch

What is red and green?

Intervertebral foramen

- holds spinal nerves

superior articular facet

- joints with inferior articular facet of adjacent vertebrae to form facet (Z) joints

inferior articular facet

uncinate processes (cervical vertebrae)

mammillary process (lumbar vertebrae)

- small tubercles on posterior part of superior articular process

Acromion

medial (vertebral) border

lateral (axillary) border

superior border

superior angle

inferior angle

- T7 transverse plane

lateral angle (glenoid fossa)

scapular spine

- lies in T3 plane

scapular notch

true ribs (1-7)

false ribs (8-10)

floating ribs (11-12)

head of rib

- posterior end of a rib that articulates with the bodies of thoracic vertebrae

neck of rib

tubercle of rib

- articulates with the costal facet of thoracic vertebra's transverse process.

costal groove

shaft of rib

angle of rib (curve of rib)

iliac crest

posterior superior iliac spine

median sacral crest

trapezius

ligamentum nuchae (nuchal ligament)

spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

transverse cervical artery

latissimus dorsi

thoracolumbar fascia

Serratus Posterior Inferior

dorsal scapular nerve

rhomboid major

rhomboid minor

levator scapulae

Multifidus lumborum

iliocostalis

Longissimus

Spinalis

external occipital protuberance

- most posterior projection of cranium

Serratus posterior superior

Splenius capitis

splenius cervicis

Semispinalis capitis

vertebral canal

ligamentum flavum

- thick and yellowish

- connects adjacent laminae

epidural space

- between dura mater and bone

epidural fat

internal vertebral venous plexus

- located in epidural space

meninges

- dura mater (outermost, thickest)

- arachnoid (subarachnoid space has CSF)

- pia mater

dural (thecal) sac

- ends at S2

?

spinal (dorsal root) ganglion

What is 8?

A: dorsal root ganglion

B: dorsal rami

C: ventral rami

cervical enlargement of spinal cord

lumbosacral enlargement of spinal cord

conus medullaris

- tapered end of the spinal cord at L1 and L2

red line

filum terminale

red line

cauda equina

- collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

(looks like horse tail)

denticulate ligaments

- extensions of pia mater that secure cord to dura mater

posterior spinal arteries

F

Greater occipital nerve

Rectus capitis posterior major

Obliquus capitis inferior

vertebral artery

suboccipital nerve

tubercle of a rib

jugular notch

clavicular notch (sternoclavicular joint)

manubrium

sternal angle

body of sternum (gladiolus)

xiphoid process

costal margin

- inferior border of thoracic cage formed by downward arc of ribsinferior border of thoracic cage formed by downward arc of ribs

first rib

Manubrium