Emergency Care Chapter 31: Chest and Abdominal Trauma

These flashcards cover the key concepts, definitions, and treatment protocols related to chest and abdominal trauma as outlined in the Emergency Care lecture notes.

What are the three main topics covered in Chapter 31 of Emergency Care?

Anatomy and Physiology of the Chest and Abdomen, Chest Injuries, Abdominal Injuries.

What is the definition of a pneumothorax?

When air accumulates in the chest cavity, possibly causing lung collapse.

What are the protective structures of the chest?

12 sets of ribs, sternum, thoracic spine vertebrae, and scapula.

What characterizes a flail chest injury?

Fracture of two or more consecutive ribs in two or more places, leading to paradoxical motion.

How are chest injuries classified?

Chest injuries are classified as either closed or open injuries.

What is the primary assessment for a patient with a flail chest?

Analyze for life threats, administer oxygen, and assist ventilation if needed.

What should be done if a penetrating chest wound is found?

Seal the wound with an occlusive dressing and monitor for changes.

What distinguishes hollow organs from solid organs in the abdomen?

Hollow organs tolerate trauma better than solid organs.

What are some signs of traumatic asphyxia?

Dark blue or purple coloration of the head, neck, and shoulders, bulging eyes, and distended neck veins.

What is cardiac tamponade?

Direct injury to the heart causing blood to fill the pericardial sac, increasing pressure on the heart.

What are common symptoms of a hemothorax?

Signs of pneumothorax and coughing up frothy-red blood.

What is the treatment for an open abdominal injury with evisceration?

Apply sterile dressing moistened with sterile saline over the wound and maintain warmth over the dressing.

What are the initial steps in assessing a patient with rib fractures?

Consider the mechanism of injury, check for pain, tenderness, redness, or swelling.

Which two signs indicate tension pneumothorax?

Increased respiratory difficulty and distended neck veins.

What should you do if a patient with a gunshot wound shows signs of shock?

Monitor vital signs, maintain open airway, and prepare for immediate transport.