Horse and Pig questions (some small ruminants)

What is an indication for performing abdominocentesis in the equine patient?

Colic

Which castration method involves opening the scrotum to physically remove testicles?

Surgical castration

When placing a limb bandage, what is one thing NOT to do?

Make sure you can get at least 3 fingers underneath the bandage

You are performing a routine castration in the field. Which is the best catheter size to use?

14 gauge 3 inch

In what situation would a taking a blood gas sample be useful?

When monitoring blood oxygenation levels

When are interdermal injections given to horses?

Allergy Testing

Why is an enema administered to a foal?

To stimulate passage of the meconium

What is an important post-operative consideration for a castration?

Controlled exercise to keep the incision open

When collecting cerebrospinal fluid from the atlantooccipitial space in an equine, what is required?

General anesthesia

What is the first thing you should do if the horse you are medicating has an adverse drug reaction?

Stop administering the medication

Which is NOT a good check to make sure an NG tube is properly placed in a horse?

Suck on the tube and get negative pressure

True or False? Pleural fluid is produced by the cells that line the peritoneal cavity and can be examined for infection and neoplastic cells

False

True or False? The hole from a sinocentesis can be left open to heal

True

True or False? Caslick sutures are usually done with absorbable suture that don't get removed.

False

A man walked out to the barn, groomed his 17 H bay TB gelding, and then proceeded to ride to the bar on Friday, where he drank an excessive amount. The next day, he woke up outside the bar with a splitting headache and missing one shoe. He then proceded to ride home on Friday. How is this possible?

The horse's name was Friday

Which diseases are most commonly seen in newborn piglets?

Clostridium Perfringens Type C

How is mycoplasma haemolamae transmitted?

Insects or needles

True or False? Like strangles in horses, opening and lavaging Caseous Lymphadenitis lesions helps the animal recover quicker

False

A 3 year old llama presents with hindlimb weakness and ataxia. What is your top differential?

Paralaphostrongylus tenuis

To remove buck odor you can do which?

Burning removal

When is choanal atresia most commonly noticed?

While nursing

What is the best treatment for meningeal worm?

Glucocorticoids and Fenbendazole parasiticide

True or False? There are two forms of Atrophic Rhinitis: Progressive which is mild and temporary, and Regressive which is severe and permanent

False

What are two complications when using an elastrator?

Tetanus and Not including both testicles

What are the main signs of adults with PRRS?

SMEDI

What are the symptoms of Glassers Disease?

Fever, cough, lameness, depression

IV Dantrolene is a treament for what porcine issue?

Malignant Hyperthermia

What is the causative agent of Greasy Pig Disease?

Staphylococcus hyicus

True or False? The axillary skin fold is an ideal location to administer SQ fluids

False

Which disease can bet treated with antibiotics during the last few weeks of gestation?

Chlamydophilosis

True or False? Orf is zoonotic if humans come in direct contact with a lesion

True

A complication of Pleuropneumonia is....

Recovered pigs are carriers

What are 4 infectious reproductive diseases that affect breeding swine?

Brucellosis, vaginal prolapse, SMEDI, Porcine Parvovirus

True or False? When ear notching a pig, the right ear is the litter number, and the left ear is the individual number

True

True or False? The coccygeal vein is a commonly used site for venipuncture in young pigs

False

Tacking or temporary sutures are the best correction for what type of entropion?

Secondary

Which two agents can cause Atrophic Rhinitis in Pigs?

Bordatella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida

Big head

Due to infected head injuries

Black Disease

Toxin causes liver necrosis

Clostridium tetani

Recently castrated animals are at higher risk

There is a live vaccine for this diease, but animals can be contagious for 8 weeks after!

Contagious Ecthyma

What is another name for Pseudorabies?

Aujeskzy Disease

When should castrations occur and why?

After 2 years to avoid straight limbs and osteoarthritis

What did the piglets do for Mother's Day? (there is technically one correct answer but I will make sure you get credit for whatever one you put down!)

They threw a sowprize party!

What is the standard of care when castrating a larger pig?

Suture closed the inguinal ring

True or False? Group E Step infections most commonly present as fatal meningitis

False

A three week old piglet presents with red skin, erosions at the coronary band, and brow scabby crusts and exudate. What is your top differential?

Greasy Pig Disease

What is the causative agent of Eperythrozoonosis?

Mycoplasma suis

You want to administer oral meds to a pig via a stomach tube. What must you do to insure you are in the stomach?

Estimate the tube length to the last rib and make sure you get to that point

SMEDI is a clinical sign of which disease?

Leptospirosis

Which is the definitive host for P. tenuis (the animal they really want to live in)

Deer

Which site would be a good choice to collect a 7mL sample of blood?

Orbital Sinus

Which disease in swine is reportable to the state vet?

Brucellosis

Which urine collection method is the best option for culture in the equine patient?

Urinary catheterization

What is an indication for performing arthrocentesis?

Synovial fluid analysis

What is a potentially serious complication of thoracocentesis in the equine patient?

Pneumothorax

What kind of disease can a transtracheal wash help to diagnose?

Respiratory disease

What is the most reliable method of oral delivery in the horse

Nasogastric intubation

What is a complication of an intramuscular injection?

Injection site abscess

What is an important indication for external coaptation?

Reduce skin motion around a wound

What is a complication of external coaptation?

Pressure necrosis

Where can a "bean" of smegma be found?

The urethral fossa

What is an indication for placing a subpalpebral lavage system?

Frequent placement of eye medication

What does floating mean in equine patients?

Filing down the sharp points on the teeth

Which method of anesthesia is preferred in the horse?

Standing anesthesia

What is a concern when performing general anesthesia in the horse?

Recovery can be violent and result in injury

What is the caslick surgery for?

To prevent uterine infections

What is the causative agent of Atrophic Rhinitis?

Bordetella bronchiseptica

What is the causative agent of Swine Dysentery?

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

What is the causative agent of Pleuropneumonia?

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

What is the causative agent of Glasser Disease?

Haemophilus parasuis

What is the causative agent of Erysipelas?

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

What two swine diseases present with GI symptoms such as diarrhea in neonatal swine?

Enteric Colibacillosis and Clostridium perfringens Type C enteritis

What are the symptoms of Glasser Disease?

Fever, cough, lameness, depression

What is the method of transmission of Exudative Epidermis?

Skin Wounds

What is the method of transmission of Eperythrozoonosis?

Lice

Swine dysentery affects what age group of swine?

Weaners

What are the main clinical signs of pleuropneumonia?

Cyanotic extremities, thumps, fever, sudden death

What does SMEDI stand for?

stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death, infertility

When did the US first experience outbreaks of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus?

2013

What is a feature of hog cholera?

Reproductive disease and neurologic piglets

What is the causative agent of Transmissible Gastroenteritis?

Coronovirus

Which ear vein is commonly used for small blood samples in swine?

Lateral auricular vein

What is the most important complication of drawing blood form the crainal vena cava in swine?

Hitting the right vagus or phrenic nerves

Which venous location allows for the largest sample size collection in swine?

Cranial vena cava

What piece of equipment can help you to safely administer oral medications to adult swine?

Mouth speculum

What is the preferred location for intramuscular injections according to Pork Quality Assurance Guidelines?

Lateral Cervical Muscles

Where is an epidural performed in an adult sow?

lumbosacral junction

Which teeth grow into tusks in adult male swine?

Permanent mandibular canine teeth

What should be done with tusks every 10-12 months in swine?

Trimming with gigli wire

What is the causative agent of pulpy kidney disease?

Clostridium perfringens Type D

What is the causative agent of contagious ecthyma/

Pox virus

Which disease does not have a vaccine available?

Toxoplasmosis

Which disease is not zoonotic?

Bluetongue

Which disease causes necrosis of the liver?

Clostridium novyi

What is the causaitive agent of Caseous Lymphadenitis?

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

Which is NOT a reason to perform a joint tap?

Obtain a sample for neurologic testing

True or Fasle? Pleural fluid is produced by the cells that line the peritoneal cavity and can be examined for infection and neoplastic cells

False

True or False? When performing a standing surgical procedure, IV sedation is enough for good restraint.

False

What is an indication for flushing the nasolacrimal duct in a horse?

Excessive tear staining and discharge from the medial canthus