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39 Terms
1
The Rush-Bagot Treaty
An 1817 agreement between the U.S. and Britain that limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes, easing tensions after the War of 1812.
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2
The American System
Henry Clay's economic plan promoting protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements to unify and industrialize the nation.
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3
The Second Bank of the United States
A federally chartered institution (1816-1836) aimed at stabilizing the economy but criticized for favoring elites.
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4
The Tariff of 1816
The first protective tariff in U.S. history, designed to shield American industry from British competition after the War of 1812.
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5
The "Bonus Bill"
A proposal by John C. Calhoun to use federal funds for internal improvements, vetoed by Madison due to constitutional concerns.
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6
The National Road
A federally funded highway that connected Maryland to Illinois, facilitating westward expansion and economic growth.
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7
The Erie Canal
A man-made waterway (1825) that connected the Hudson River to the Great Lakes, boosting trade and settlement in the Northwest.
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8
The "Era of Good Feelings"
A period of political unity (1815-1825) under President Monroe, marked by nationalism but strained by sectional tensions.
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9
Land Act of 1820
Reduced the price of public land to encourage western expansion after the Panic of 1819.
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10
John Marshall - impact
As Chief Justice, he strengthened federal power, upheld contracts, and promoted judicial authority over states.
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11
Cohens v. Virginia
A 1821 case affirming Supreme Court authority to review state court decisions, reinforcing federal supremacy.
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12
Fletcher v. Peck
A 1810 ruling that upheld property rights and limited state power by invalidating a law that repealed a corrupt land grant.
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13
Dartmouth College Case
A 1819 decision protecting corporate charters from state interference, strengthening business stability.
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14
Transportation Revolution
The rapid expansion of canals, roads, and railroads in the early 19th century, boosting commerce and migration.
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15
Market Revolution
A shift from subsistence farming to a national economy driven by industrialization, transportation, and wage labor.
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16
McCulloch v. Maryland
A 1819 ruling that upheld federal power by declaring the Bank of the U.S. constitutional and denying state taxation of federal institutions.
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17
Gibbons v. Ogden
A 1824 case that reinforced federal control over interstate commerce, limiting state monopolies on trade.
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18
John Quincy Adams
The sixth U.S. president (1825-1829), known for his diplomatic achievements and support for internal improvements.
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19
Adams-Onis Treaty
A 1819 treaty in which Spain ceded Florida to the U.S. in exchange for U.S. claims to Texas.
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20
Monroe Doctrine
A 1823 policy warning European nations against colonizing the Americas, asserting U.S. dominance in the Western Hemisphere.
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21
Panic of 1819
Caused by over-speculation and mismanagement by the Second Bank, it led to widespread foreclosures, unemployment, and distrust in banks.
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22
Wildcat Banks
State-chartered banks that issued unstable paper currency, contributing to economic instability.
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23
Tallmadge Amendment
A failed proposal to gradually end slavery in Missouri, intensifying sectional tensions over slavery.
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24
Missouri Compromise
A 1820 agreement admitting Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and banning slavery north of 36°30'.
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25
Anglo-American Convention
A 1818 treaty that settled U.S.-Canada boundary disputes and allowed joint occupation of Oregon.
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26
Russo-American Treaty
A 1824 agreement setting Russia's Alaskan boundary at 54°40', limiting Russian claims in North America.
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27
Election of 1824
John Quincy Adams won the presidency despite losing the popular vote, with Henry Clay allegedly securing his victory in exchange for a cabinet position.
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28
Tariff of 1828 'Abominations'
A high protective tariff that angered the South, leading to nullification debates and sectional conflict.
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29
Benjamin Rush
A patriot physician and reformer who advocated for public education and mental health care.
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30
Growth of Nationalism
Increased national pride after the War of 1812, reflected in economic policies, territorial expansion, and Supreme Court rulings.
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31
Noah Webster
A lexicographer who standardized American spelling and language through his dictionary, promoting cultural nationalism.
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32
Samuel Slater
The 'Father of the American Factory System' who brought British textile technology to the U.S.
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33
Eli Whitney
An inventor who revolutionized industry with the cotton gin and interchangeable parts.
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34
Cotton Gin
Whitney's 1793 invention that increased cotton production and solidified slavery in the South.
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35
Industrial Revolution
The shift to mechanized manufacturing, beginning in the late 18th century, transforming American economy and society.
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36
Mass Production
The large-scale manufacturing of goods using standardized parts, increasing efficiency and lowering costs.
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37
Interchangeable Parts
Whitney's innovation that allowed for mass production and easier repair of manufactured goods.
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38
Division of Labor
A system where tasks are divided among workers to increase efficiency, a key feature of factory production.
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39
Erie Canal/DeWitt Clinton
A major infrastructure project completed in 1825, championed by New York Governor DeWitt Clinton, connecting Midwest trade to East Coast markets.
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