SCIENCE 10 (ENDOCRINE SYSTEM) 1ST QTR

hormones

chemical messengers, travel through the bloodstream

autocrine signaling

secreted by cells into the extracellular fluid and affect the function of the same cells that produced

them

paracrine signaling

secreted by cells into the extracellular fluid and affects neighboring target cells of a different type

endocrine signaling

secreted by neurons into the circulating blood and

influence the function of target cells at another location in the body

glands

group of cell that produces and secretes or give off chemicals

endocrine glands

these glands secrete

hormones

exocrine glands

these glands secrete

substances

pituitary gland

"master gland" because it produces hormones that regulate other endocrine glands, is at the base of the brain

thyroid gland

is at the front of the neck, produces thyroid hormones (thyroxin, and T4), produces calcitonin

parathyroid gland

4 glands behind the thyroid gland, produces parathyroid hormone (PTH) which regulates calcium levels

adrenal gland

consists of the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla, located at top of each kidney

pancreas

organ behind the stomach, produces insulin (regulates blood sugar) and glucagon (increases blood sugar)

gonads

ovaries (females) and testes (males)

ovaries

produces estrogen and progesterone

testes

produces testosterone

pineal gland

produces melatonin (sleep - hormone)

thymus

produces thymosin

hypothalamus

body's "smart control" coordinating center