Unit 4: Earth Systems and Resources

Sandy soils

________ have larger pores → hold more water Acidity.

Aluminum ions

________ can damage gills of fish and cause suffocation Weathering.

Subduction

________ occurs → results in uplifting plates to form large mountain chains.

Alkalinity

________: capacity of water to resist changes in pH.

Rust

________ → forms when iron and other metallic elements come in contact with water.

Earths surface

________ at the equator is moving faster than the poles.

animal waste

Use ________ (manure), compost, and residue of plants to increase the amount of organic matter in the soil.

Climate variation

________ that takes place in the TROPICAL PACIFIC once about every 3- 7 years and it lasts for about 1 year.

major hurricane

A(n) ________ contains more energy than that released during a nuclear blast, but since the force is released more slowly, the damage is generally less concentrated.

Weather

________ and climate of any given area is the result of the sun unequally warming the earth and the gases above it as well as the rotation of the earth.

Lithosphere

________ floats atop the asthenosphere and can move and break into large pieces Plate boundaries.

Focus

________: location at which the earthquake begins within earth.

SOLUTION

________: drip irrigation- allots an area only as much water necessary and delivers water directly to roots Soil erosion.

DAYTIME

________: land warms faster that does the water → air mass over land rises → air from over the lake moves in to replace it → creates breeze.

Pores

________ between the grains of minerals in soil are filled with air or water → so….

Seismograph

________: measures size (magnitude) of earthquake- [1935] devised y charles richter.

Small scale

________: effect seen on shores of large lakes or bays.

Meteorologists

________: scientists who study weather and climate Air circulation.

Agriculture

________ is a huge consumer of energy.

Normal trade winds

________ are weakened or reversed because of a reversal of the high and low pressure regions on either side of the TROPICAL PACIFIC.

Trade winds

________ converge in the region of ITCZ → produces convectional storms that produce regions with some of the worlds heaviest precipitation.

Climate

________: patterns that are constant over many years (30+ years)

La Niña

DURING ________: surface waters of ocean surrounding central /south america are colder than normal Seasons.

Condensation

________ creates clouds.

Erosion

________ is a continual process (constant movement of water and wind on Earths surface)

Horizontal airflow

________: warm currents hold lots of moisture compared to surrounding air → large masses of warm moist air rise → cool air flows along earths surface into the area where the warm air was located → flowing air, known as ________, is one way surface winds are created.

Soil

________ becomes water- logged when it dries out → salt forms a layer on its surface → land degradation.

Ions

________ travel to streams and rivers→ harms both plants and aquatic life.

Monoculture

________: planting of just one type of crop in a large area (modern times)

Lack of genetic variation

________ makes crops more susceptible to pests and diseases.

Chemical pesticides

________ resulted in new pesticide- resistant insects → SOLUTION: genetically modified plants.

Bare soil

________ (no plants) is more susceptible to erosion than soil thats covered with plants.

Ozone

________ traps the high energy radiation of the sun, holding some of the heat and protecting the troposphere and the earth's surface from this radiation Mesosphere.

Humus

________ is rich in organic matter.

avg precipitation

Avg temperature and ________ amounts important to describe climate.

typhoons

Called ________ or cyclones when they occur in the pacific ocean ENSO events El Niño.

Soil fertility

________: ability to provide essential nutrients to plants such as nitrogen (N), potassium, (K), and phosphorus (P) Types.

northern hemisphere

Winds moving north from the equator in the ________ are deflected to the right or east, and winds moving south from the equator in the southern hemisphere are deflected to the left or east.

removal of plants

Logging & slash- and- burn agriculture → the ________ in an area makes the soil much more susceptible to agents of erosion.

Acidity

________: level of acid in substance.

Large hadley cell

________ starts its cycle over the equator → warm moist air evaporates and rises into the atmosphere (precipitation in the region near the equator is one cause of abundant equatorial rainforests) → cool dry air descends about 30 degrees North and South of the equator (forming belts of deserts seen around the earth at those latitudes) Weather events Monsoons.

Focus

location at which the earthquake begins within earth

Epicenter

initial surface location of earthquake

Seismograph

measures size (magnitude) of earthquake -[1935] devised y charles richter

Around half of the volume of soil is made up of mineral materials (5% is organic matter

both living and dead)

Soil fertility

ability to provide essential nutrients to plants such as nitrogen (N), potassium, (K), and phosphorus (P) Types

Silt (0.002

0.05 mm)

Acidity

level of acid in substance

Alkalinity

capacity of water to resist changes in pH

Monoculture

planting of just one type of crop in a large area (modern times)

SOLUTION

crop rotation

chemical pesticides resulted in new pesticide-resistant insects → SOLUTION

genetically modified plants

Important

H2O and CO2

Weather

day-to-day properties such as wind speed and direction, temperature, amount of sunlight, pressure, and humidity

Northern hemisphere

travels south and west (30°-60°)

Southern hemisphere

travels north and west (30°-60°)