Nursing Assisting; A foundation in caregiving

Exam 1 Chapter 1

ADLs

Activities of Daily Living, essential tasks for personal care and daily functioning.

Acute Care

Short-term medical treatment for severe illnesses or injuries, typically provided in a hospital.

Adult Day Services

Care for people who need some assistance of supervision during certain hours, but who do not live in the facility where care is given.

AAT

Animal-Assisted Therapy, a therapeutic approach that incorporates animals to improve a person's emotional, physical, or psychological well-being.

Assisted Living

Residence for pope who do not need 24 hours skilled care, but who do require some help with daily care.

Charge Nurse

A registered nurse responsible for overseeing patient care, managing nursing staff, and ensuring quality treatment in a healthcare facility.

Continuity of Care

An ongoing coordination of a resident’s care over time, during which the care team exchanges information and works toward shared goals.

Delegations

The process of assigning specific tasks and responsibilities to nursing staff by a registered nurse, ensuring that care is delivered effectively and safely.

Holistic Care

An approach to patient care that addresses the physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs of the individual, promoting overall well-being.

Hospice Care

A type of end-of-life care that focuses on providing comfort and support to patients with terminal illnesses and their families.

Joint Commision

An independent, non-profit, organization that evaluates and accredits different types of healthcare facilities.

LPN/LVN

A Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN) or Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN) provides basic medical care under the supervision of registered nurses and doctors in various healthcare settings.

Medicaid

A government program providing healthcare coverage for low-income individuals and families, including assistance with hospital stays, doctor visits, and long-term care.

Medicare

A federal program that provides health coverage for individuals aged 65 and older, and for some younger people with disabilities or specific diseases.

Outpatient Care

Medical services provided to patients who do not require an overnight stay in a hospital. This includes routine check-ups, minor surgical procedures, and diagnostic tests.

Person Centered Care

An approach to healthcare that focuses on the individual needs, preferences, and values of patients, involving them in their own care decisions.

Rehabilitation

A program of care given by specialist, such as physical therapist, to restore or improve function after an illness of injury.

Sandwich generation

A group of people, who care for their aging parents while still supporting their own children, creating a dual caregiving role.

Subacute Care

A level of medical care that is focused on patients who require more care than what can be provided in a traditional home setting but less than what is available in a hospital.

What are the 4 parts of medicare?

Part A (Hospital Insurance), Part B (Medical Insurance), Part C (Medicare Advantage), Part D (Prescription Drug Coverage).

What are the 5 rights of delegation?

The 5 rights of delegation are the "right task," "right circumstances," "right person," "right direction/communication," and "right supervision/evaluation." These rights guide nursing assistants in safely and effectively delegating tasks within their scope of practice.

TIC

Trauma-informed care; an approach in healthcare that recognizes the impact of trauma on individuals and seeks to provide a supportive environment that fosters healing and recovery.

Long term care survey process

A systematic approach to evaluating the quality of care in long-term care facilities, focusing on compliance with federal and state regulations and standards.

Describe citing

To document a problem through the survey

Name 3 things NAs are not allowed to?

Insert or remove tubes, give tube feedings, or change sterile dressings.

Who is the most important member of the care team?

The resident!

Which of the following statements is true of long-term care? Pick one.

A. Long term care is only given during certain hours of the day

B. Long term care assist people with ongoing, chronic medical conditions

C. Long term care is given in an adult day service setting

D. Long term care is for people who need care for a short timer after surgery

Long term care assist people with ongoing, chronic medical conditions

One common NA task is:

A. Prescribing medication

B. Creating residents’ care plans

C. Managing other NAa work

D. Bathing Residents

Bathing Residents

Which of the following is true of proper groom for an NA?

A. Acrylic nails should be freshly applied

B. A simple waterproof watch should be worn

C. Earrings should dangle just pass the earlobe

D. Perfume should be worn behind the ears or on both wrists

A simple waterproof watch should be worn

If an NA is following the chain of command to whom would she report a problem?

A. Nurse

B. Administrator

C. Resident

D. Medical social worker

Nurse

If an NA has forgotten the correct order in which to perform a procedure, which of the following would be the best way for her to proceed?

A. The NA should review the procedure manual before beginning

B. The NA should ask the resident to see if he remembers the correct order

C. The NA should perform the procedure to the best of her memory, knowing that she probably does it correctly.

D. The NA should consult with the administrator to find out the correct order.

The NA should review the procedure manual before beginning

Advance directives

Legal documents that allow people to decide what kind of medical care they wish to have in the event they are unable to make those decisions themselves

Adverse event

An unexpected event that causes serious injury or death; also called a sentinel event

Edema

Swelling in body tissues caused by excess fluid

Minimum data set

A detailed form with guidelines for assessing residents in long term care facilities, also details what to do if resident problems are identified

Break down the word: Bradycardia

Cardia= Heart

Brady= Slow

Break down the word: Otoscope

Oto= Ear

Scope= An instrument to look inside

Break down the word: Thermometer

Thermo= Heat

Meter= Measure instrument

Break down the word: Cardiology

Cardio= Heart

Logy: The study of something

AMB

AMBULATORY/AMBULATE

BID, B.I.D

2 TIMES A DAY

BM

BOWEL MOVEMENT

C

WITH

C/O

COMPLAINT OF

F/U

FOLLOW UP

DX

DIAGNOSIS

H, HR

HOUR

I&O

INTAKE AND OUTPUT

ISOL

ISOLATION

NPO

NOTHING BY MOUTH

P

AFTER

P.C, PC

AFTER MEALS

PRN

AS NECESSARY

Q

EVERY

ROM

RANGE OF MOTIONS

S

WITHOUT

SOB

SHORTNESS OF BREATH

TID, T.I.D

3 TIMES A DAY

TPR

TEMPERATURE, PULES, AND RESPIRATION

VS, V.S

VITAL SIGNS

W/C, WC

WHEELCHAIRS

(T/F) Observations made by the NAs about residents are not private information and they can be shared with anyone.

FALSE

After providing care to a resident, what is your next course of action?

Documentation. If it was not documented, legally, it is considered to not have been done. Record the notes carefully and accurately. Do not record anything that has not been done yet.

What are the 5 steps in the nursing process?

Assessment:

• Getting informations from many sources including medical history and physical assessment and reviewing this information, the purpose is to identify actual of potential problems.

Diagnosis

• Identifying health problems after looking at all the resident’s needs, used to create a care plan

Planning:

• Setting goals and creating a care plan in accordance with the residents and/or family’s preferences in order to meet the residences needs

Implementation

• Putting the care plan into action; giving care

Evaluation:

• Examining carefully to see if the goals were met or progress was achieved; if progress is slow or if the problem worsened, the care plan must change

How do can you cover time using the military standard?

Add or Subtract 12 from a number

Eg:

4:00pm in military time is 1600

4:00pm+12=1600pm

Dyspnea

Difficulty breathing

Tracheostomy

A surgically created opening through the neck into the trachea

Ageism

Discriminating against the elderly

Agonistic

A person who does not know or cannot know if goes exist

Atheist

A person who believes that there is no god

Cultural competence

The ability to understand , respect, and interact with other people from other cultures

Development disability

A chronic condition that restricts physical or mental abilities

Mores

The accepted traditional customs of a particular social group

Transcultural nursing

The study of various cultures with the goal of providing care specific to each culture

What is the order of donning PPE?

1. Gown

2. Mask or respirator

3. Eyewear

4. Gloves

What is the order of doffing PPE?

1. Gloves

2. Eyewear

3. Gown

4. Mask or respiratory

What is the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987?

OBRA is a law that sets nursing assistant training guidelines.

What is PASS?

P- PULL

A- AIM

S- SQUEEZE

S- SWEEP

What is RACE?

R- RESCUE

A- ACTIVATE

C- CONTAIN

E- EXTINGUISH

Pathogens

Microorganisms that are capable of causing an infection and disease

Microorganisms

A living thing to organism that is so small that it is only visible under a microscope

Maslow’s hierachy

Maslow’s theory helps healthcare providers understand patient priorities. Lower needs must typically be met before addressing higher-level needs.

What are the 5 Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

1. Self-actualization

2. Esteem

3. Love and belonging

4. Safety

5. Physiological

HIPPA

Health and Insurance Portability and Accountability Act- federal law that sets standards for protecting privacy of patient health information

POA

Power of attorney- patient representatives to exercise the rights for an incompetent resident

What is a nosocomial infection/HAI?

Hospital acquired infection

What is the difference between a law, ethics, and etiquette?

Law

• Rules created and enforced through institutions to regulate behaviors

Ethics

• Moral principles guiding profession behavior and ensuring just action

Etiquette

• Code of polite behavior within professional healthcare settings

Systemic infection vs Local infection

Systemic infection

• an infection in the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body causing general symptoms

Local infection

• an infection limited to specific part of the body and has local symptoms

What are some example of blood-borne diseases/conditions?

AIDS and hepatitis

What is the chain of infection?

Pathogen

• The infectious agent

Portal of Entry

• How pathogens enter the new host

Mode of Transmission

• How pathogens spread

Reservoir

• Where the pathogen lives

Portal of Exit

• How pathogen leaves host

Types of Transmission-Based Precautions

Contact

• Used against C.Difficile

• Required PPE: Gloves and Gown

Droplet

• Influenza

• Surgical Mask

Airborne

• Covid 19

• N95 Respirator

(T/F) C-Diff is spread, or transmitted by, droplet so the patient will be on droplet precautions

FALSE

C. difficile is primarily spread through direct or indirect contact with contaminated feces, not respiratory droplets. Therefore, the patient would be placed on contact precautions, not droplet precautions, to prevent transmission

(T/F) TB is spread by air so a pt with TB will be on airborne precautions

True.

TB is an airborne disease. This means the bacteria that cause TB are spread through the air when a person with active TB disease of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes, speaks, or sings. Therefore, patients with suspected or confirmed infectious TB are typically placed on airborne precautions to prevent the spread of the bacteria.

Define Supine postions

Residents laying on their backs

Prone

Residents laying on their stomachs

Sim’s Postions

Left side lying position with one leg over the other

Fowler’s position

Semi sitting position with head raised 45 to 60 degree Angle

Trendelenburg’s position

Patient reclined back with feet in the air

Logrolling

Turning the person as a unit in alignment with one motion

Boundaries-boundary violations

boundaries and boundary violations refer to the professional limits of a nurse's relationship with a patient, family, or other staff members