LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL MIDTERM REVIEWER

Page 1 to 6.

Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda

Full name of Rizal.

Jose

Was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the Christian saint San Jose (St. Joseph).

Protacio

From Gervacio P. which come from a Christian calendar.

Mercado

Adopted in 1731 by Domingo Lamco (the paternal great-great-grandfather of Jose Rizal) which the Spanish term mercado means ‘market’ in English.

Rizal

From the word ‘Ricial’ in Spanish means a field where wheat, cut while still green, sprouts again.

Alonzo

Old surname of his mother.

Realonda

It was used by Doña Teodora from the surname of her godmother based on the culture by that time.

Licentiate in Medicine

Completed his medical course in Spain and was conferred the degree of __ by the Universidad Central de Madrid.

June 19, 1861

Moonlit of Wednesday between eleven and midnight Jose Rizal was born in the lakeshore town of Calamba, Laguna.

Calamba, Laguna

Town Rizal was born in.

Father Rufino Collantes

A Batangueño, the parish priest who baptized Rizal.

Father Pedro Casanas

Rizal’s godfather, native of Calamba and close friend of the Rizal family.

Lieutenant-General Jose Lemery

The governor general of the Philippines when Rizal was born.

Don Francisco Mercado

• Father of Jose Rizal

• Born in Biñan, Laguna on May 11, 1818

• A hardy and independent-minded man, who talked less and worked more, and was strong in body and valiant in spirit

• Died in Manila on January 5, 1898 at the age of 80

Latin and Philosophy

Rizal’s father studied ___ at the College of San Jose in Manila.

Tenant-farmer

Became a __ of the Dominican-owned hacienda.

“A Model of Fathers”

Rizal affectionately called his father ____.

Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda

• Mother of Jose Rizal

• Born in Manila on November 8, 1826

• Educated at the College of Santa Rosa, a well-known college for girls in the city

• A remarkable woman, possessing refined culture, literary talent, business ability, and the fortitude of Spartan women

• Is a woman of more than ordinary culture: she knows literature and speaks Spanish (according to Rizal)

• Died in Manila on August 16, 1911 at the age of 85

Eleven

How many are the Rizal Children?

Seventh

Rizal’s birth order? (Pang ilan si Rizal sa magkakapatid?)

Saturnina

• Oldest

• “Nenang”

• Married Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanawan, Batangas.

Paciano

• Older brother and confident of Jose Rizal.

• A second father to Rizal

• Died on April 13, 1930, an old bachelor aged 79

• Had two children by his mistress (Severina Decena)—a boy and a girl

Pilosopo Tasio

Protacio was immortalized in Rizal’s first novel Noli Me Tangere as the wise ___.

“Most Noble of Filipinos”

Rizal regarded Protacio as the __?

Combat General

Protacio became a ___ in the Philippine Revolution.

Narcisa

• Her pet name was Sisa

• Married to Antonio Lopez (nephew of Father Leoncio Lopez), a school teacher of Morong

Olimpia

• Ypia was her pet name

• Married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from Manila

Lucia

• Married to Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, who was a nephew of Father Casanas

• Herbosa died of cholera in 1889 and was denied Christian burial because he was a brother-in-law of Dr. Rizal

Maria

• Biang was her nickname

• Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna

Jose

• The greatest Filipino hero and peerless genius

• Nickname was Pepe

• Lived with Josephine Bracken, Irish girl from Hong Kong

• Had a son but this baby-boy died a few hours after birth; Rizal named him “Francisco” after his father and buried him in Dapitan

Concepcion

• Her pet name was Concha

• Died of sickness at the age of 3

Conception’s death

Rizal’s first sorrow in life?

Josefa

• Her pet name was Panggoy

• Died an old maid at the age of 80

Trinidad

• Trining was her pet name

• She died also an old maid in 1951 aged 83

Soledad

• Youngest of the Rizal children

• Her pet name was Choleng

• Married Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba

Mercado

Real surname of the Rizal family.

Domingo Lamco

The paternal great grandfather of Rizal, a full blooded Chinese who adopted the surname “mercado”.

Rizal’s Home

• Was one of the distinguished stone houses in Calamba during the Spanish times

• It was a two-storey building, rectangular in shape, built of adobe stones and hard-woods and roofed with red tiles

• By day, it hummed with the noises of children at play and the songs of the birds in the garden; by night, it echoed with the dulcet notes of family prayers

Calamba

Named after a big native jar.

Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town)

A poem about Rizal’s beloved town written by Rizal in 1876 when he was 15 years old and was student in the Ateneo de Manila.

The Story of the Moth

Made the profoundest impression on Rizal when he was a child.

Sa Aking Mga Kabata (To My Fellow Children)

• Rizal’s first poem in native language at the age of eight

• Reveals Rizal’s earliest nationalist sentiment

• Hereditary Influence

• Environmental Influence

• Aid of Divine Providence

Influences on the Hero’s Boyhood

Tio Jose Alberto

Studied for eleven years in British school in Calcutta, India and had traveled in Europe inspired Rizal to develop his artistic ability.

Tio Manuel

A husky and athletic man, encouraged Rizal to develop his frail body by means of physical exercises.

Tio Gregorio

A book lover, intensified Rizal’s voracious reading of good book.

Father Leoncio Lopez

The old and learned parish priest of Calamba, fostered Rizal’s love for scholarship and intellectual honesty.

Teodora Alonso Realonda

First teacher of Rizal who was remarkable woman of good character and fine culture.

Maestro Celestino

Rizal’s first private tutor.

Maestro Lucas Pauda

Rizal’s second tutor.

Leon Monroy

A former classmate of Rizal’s father became Rizal’s tutor that instructed Jose in Spanish and Latin. He died five months later.

Sunday June 1869

Rizal left Calamba for Biñan accompanied by Paciano.

Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz

• Rizal’s teacher in a private school in Biñan

• Rizal described his teacher as follows: MaestroMaestro

Pedro

The teacher’s son which Rizal challenged to a fight.

Andres Salandanan

Challenged Rizal to an arm-wrestling match.

Juancho

An old painter who was the father-in-law of the school teacher; freely give Rizal lessons in drawing and painting.

Jose Guevara

Rizal’s classmate who also loved painting, became apprentices of the old painter.

“The favorite painters of the class”

Known as __ because of his artistic talent.

Christmas 1870

Time when Rizal received a letter from his sister Saturnina, informing him of the arrival of the steamer Talim which would take him from Biñan to Calamba.

December 17, 1870

Rizal left Biñan after one year and a half of schooling.

Arturo Camps

A Frenchman friend of Rizal’s father who took care of him on board.

January 20, 1872

Time when around 200 Filipino soldiers and workmen of the Cavite arsenal under the leadership of Lamadrid, Filipino sergeant, rose in violent mutiny because of the abolition of their usual privileges.

GomBurZa

• The 3 priests that were executed at sunrise of February 17, 1872, by order of Governor General Izquierdo.

• Inspired Rizal to fight the evils of Spanish tyranny and redeem his oppressed people.

• Rizal dedicated his second novel, El Filibusterismo to them.

Before June, 1872

Time when Doña Teodora was suddenly arrested on a malicious charge that she and her brother, Jose Alberto, tried to poison the latter’s perfidious wife

Antonio Vivencio del Rosario

Calamba’s gobernadorcillo, help arrest Doña Teodora.

Two and a half years

Doña Teodora was incarcerated at the provincial prison, where she languished for how many years?

Calamba to Santa Cruz

After arresting Doña Teodora, the sadistic Spanish lieutenant forced her to walk from where to where?

Messrs. Francisco de Marcaida and Manuel Marzan

The most famous lawyers of Manila that defend Doña Teodora.

Ateneo Municipal

A college under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits.

Escuela Pia (Charity School)

Formerly name of Ateneo, a school for poor boys in Manila which was established by the city government in 1817.

June 10, 1872

Time where Rizal accompanied by Paciano went to Manila.

Father Magin Ferrando

Was the college registrar who refused to admit Rizal in Ateneo for two reasons:

1. He was late for registration.

2. He was sickly and undersized for his age.

Manuel Xerez Burgos

• Because of his intercession, nephew of Father Burgos, Rizal was reluctantly admitted at the Ateneo.

• This anecdotes illustrates Rizal’s predilection to help the helpless at the risk of his own life.

Jose

First in his family to adopt the surname “Rizal”.

Jesuit System of Education

• Trained the character of the student by rigid discipline and religious instructions.

• Students are divided into 2 groups (Roman Empire & Carthaginian Empire)

Roman Empire

Consisting of Internos (boarders); red banner.

Carthaginian Empire

Composed of the Externos (non-boarders); blue banner.

Emperor

The best student in each “empire”.

Tribune

The second best student in each “empire”.

Decurion

The third best student in each “empire”.

Centurion

The fourth best student in each “empire”.

Stand-bearer

The fifth best student in each “empire”.

Father Jose Bech

Rizal’s first professor in Ateneo whom he described as a “tall thin man, with a body slightly bent forward, a harried walk, an ascetic face, severe and inspired, small deep-sunken eyes, a sharp nose that was almost Greek, and thin lips forming an arc whose ends fell toward the chin.

A Religious picture

Rizal’s first prize for being the brightest pupil in the whole class.

Santa Isabel College

Place where Rizal took private lessons to improve his Spanish. He paid 3 pesos for those extra Spanish lessons.

The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas

The first favorite novel of Rizal which made a deep impression on him.

Universal History by Cesar Cantu

Rizal persuaded his father to buy him this set of historical work that was a great aid in his studies.

Dr. Feodor Jagor

A German scientist-traveler who visited the Philippines in 1859-1860 who wrote Travels in the Philippines.

Travels in the Philippines

Rizal was impressed in this book because of (1) Jagor’s keen observations of the defects of Spanish colonization (2) his prophecy that someday Spain would lose the Philippines and that America would come to succeed her as colonizer.

June 16, 1875

Time when Rizal became an Interno in the Ateneo.

Padre Francisco de Paula Sanchez

• A great educator and scholar, one of Rizal’s professors who inspired him to study harder and to write poetry.

• Rizal described this Jesuit professor as “model of uprightness, earnestness, and love for the advancement of his pupils”.

“The pride of the Jesuits”

Rizal was the most brilliant Atenean of his time, he was truly called __.

March 23, 1877

Commencement Day, Rizal, who was 16 years old, received from his Alma Mater, Ateneo Municipal, the degree of Bachelor of Arts, with highest honors.

Bachelor of Arts

Graduated from Ateneo Municipal with the degree of __.

Marian Congregation

A religious society wherein Rizal was an active member and later became the secretary.

Father Sanchez

Rizal cultivated his literary talent under the guidance of __.

Father Jose Vilaclara

Advised Rizal to stop communing with the Muse and pay more attention to more practical studies.

Agustin Saez

Rizal studied painting under this famous Spanish painter.

Romualdo de Jesus

Rizal studied sculpture under this noted Filipino sculpture.

An image of the Virgin Mary

Rizal carved this on a piece of batikuling (Philippine hardwood) with his pocket knife.