Aldehydes and Ketones Overview

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the chemistry of aldehydes and ketones, focusing on functional groups, reactions, and specific naming conventions.

Aldehyde

An organic compound characterized by a carbon-oxygen double bond with at least one hydrogen atom attached, with the suffix '-al'.

Ketone

An organic compound containing a carbon-oxygen double bond without hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon of the double bond, with the suffix '-one'.

Carbonyl Group

A functional group consisting of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom.

Oxidation

A chemical reaction that involves the addition of oxygen to a molecule or the removal of hydrogen from it.

Reduction

A chemical reaction that involves the loss of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen to a molecule.

Hemiacetal

A compound formed from the reaction of an aldehyde with an alcohol, containing a carbon bonded to both an -OH group and an -OR group.

Acetal

A compound formed from the reaction of an aldehyde with two equivalents of alcohol, characterized by a carbon atom bonded to two -OR groups.

Tollen's Reagent

A chemical reagent containing silver (I) oxide and ammonium hydroxide used to oxidize aldehydes.

Potassium Dichromate

A chemical compound K2Cr2O_7 that acts as an oxidizing agent for aldehydes and alcohols.

Primary Alcohol

An alcohol where the hydroxyl group (-OH) is attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to only one other carbon.

Secondary Alcohol

An alcohol where the hydroxyl group (-OH) is attached to a carbon atom that is bonded to two other carbons.

Benzene Ring Oxidation

Involves the transformation of a carbon-oxygen double bond in an aromatic compound into a carbon-oxygen single bond by the addition of hydrogen.

Cyclic Ketone

A ketone that has a cyclic (ring) structure, indicating a carbonyl group within the ring.