Bio112 Exam 1 - Final

Order the appearance of the following

Jawless fishes, formation of protocells, amphibians, dinosaurs, multicellularity, cambrian explosion, mammals, vertebrates

Formation of protocells, multicellularity, cambrian explosion, jawless fishes, vertebrates, amphibians, dinosaurs, mammals

Movement of alleles across population is called ________ flow

gene

The _____ explosion was a period of intense diversification

Cambrian

Life began 4.2 BYA as ____ _______

Chemical soup

The first cell was called a _____

protocell

______ is the change in heritable traits over time

Evolution

An organism that produces surviving offspring has a high ________

Fitness

Paleontology is the study of _________

Fossils

Embryonic _____ are present in embryos, but not adults

Genes

A species is a group of organisms that can _____

Interbreed

Primates share all features except:

Bipedalism

Fitness is

The reproductive success of an organism

All of the following are requirements of natural selection except

Random chance

Evolution

Acts on alleles, populations, and is the change of heritable traits over time

Birds and butterflies both have wings, but they do not share a recent common ancestor. Wings in this scenario are

Analogous structures

A research article states that “Mitochondrial DNA evidence shows that the Homo genus evolved only once, and that we are all descendents of the same species that originated in Africa”. Tis best represents what model?

The out of africa model

Humans

Share a common ancestor with chimpanzees, are of the genus Homo, and are the only living hominin

Similarities in DNA sequence are what type of evidence of evolution

Molecular

Which of the following is evidence for endosymbiotic theory

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a double membrane and contain their own DNA

Different species of camels appear on different continents, but they share a common ancestor. This is what type of evidence of evolution?

Biogeographical

A forest fire devastates a local chipmunk population - 85% die off. This is an example of

Bottleneck effect

The blue-footed boobies have blue feet because female will only make with males with blue feet. This is what kind of barrier?

Prezygotic behavioral

Two turtles fall in love and honeymoon on a raft of sticks. When they wake up, they find themselves alone on an island. The resulting population of turtles is an example of

Founder effect

Some lakes have distinct microenvironments that allow new species to emerge within the same geographical area. This is

Sympatric speciation

An earthquake occurs and creates a mountain ridge between two forests. The squirrels in the nearly seperated forests cannot interact and cannot interbreed. This is what type of speciation?

Allopatric

Two species of crickets have different day/night cycles (active times), and they never interbreed. This is an example of what type of barrier?

Temporal

In the example above, (two crickets with different day/night cycles), the crickets are considered different species because

They do not interbreed

Sun exposure is highest near the equator. As UV radiation destroys folate, populations are more suspectable to birth defects. This led to selection of what allele?

Dark skin

Populations that live in cold climates need to be able to keep their body temperature constant and their internal organs warm. This led to the selection for which allele?

Short stature

The highest classificiation of life is

Domain

Adaptive radiation events occur when

A single common ancestor gives rise to multiple species in a short time

The name Aloe Vera is

An example of binomial naming, the genus and species of an organism, and the most specific classification of life

The diagram to the right is called

Cladogram

In the diagram to the right, A and B are

Sister taxa

In the diagram to the right, A and C would make a

Polyphyletic group

Birds in a population may be brown, black or gray. Normally, they live in the mountains (which are gray) but migrate to southern forests (which are brown) during the winter. Gray is considered an intermediate phenotype. What alleles are present in a population?

Gray, brown, and black alleles

Birds in a population may be brown, black or gray. Normally, they live in the mountains (which are gray) but migrate to southern forests (which are brown) during the winter. Gray is considered an intermediate phenotype. Which allele would be most common in mountain living birds

Gray allele

Birds in a population may be brown, black or gray. Normally, they live in the mountains (which are gray) but migrate to southern forests (which are brown) during the winter. Gray is considered an intermediate phenotype. What might be a selection pressure that causes allele frequencies to change?

Their environment or the amount of predation

Birds in a population may be brown, black or gray. Normally, they live in the mountains (which are gray) but migrate to southern forests (which are brown) during the winter. Gray is considered an intermediate phenotype. What type of selection occurs in the forest?

Directional

Birds in a population may be brown, black or gray. Normally, they live in the mountains (which are gray) but migrate to southern forests (which are brown) during the winter. Gray is considered an intermediate phenotype. What type of selection occurs in the mountains?

Stabilizing

A black and gray bird from the scenario above decide that they no longer want to migrate and move to a different part of the mountain. What subset of evolution does this represent?

Biogeographical

A black and gray bird from the scenario above decide that they no longer want to migrate and move to a different part of the mountain. Will the new population have increased or decreased genetic diversity?

Decreased

All the above organisms fall into what category?

Primates

What is one ancestral characteristic?

Opposable thumbs, flat nails, binocular vision, large brain

Which of the above organisms are hominoids?

Gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, bonobos, chimpanzees, and humans

Which of the above organisms are human hominids

Orangutans, gorillas, bonobos, and chimpanzees

Which of the above organisms are hominins

Humans

What is a derived characteristic of humans?

Bipedalism

What is the most likely outgroup of this cladogram?

Lancelet

Identify one monophyletic group/clade

Salamander, turtle, leopard

Identify one sister taxa

Turtle and Leopard

Identify one paraphyletic group

Salamander, lamprey, and lancelet

Identify one polyphyletic group

Lamphrey and tuna

Which organism would have the most evolutionary traits

Leopard