Studied by 0 people
Stoichiometry
The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions.
Relative Molecular Mass (Mr)
The sum of the relative atomic masses (Ar) of all the atoms in a molecule.
Empirical Formula
The formula that shows the simplest ratio of atoms in a compound.
Moles
A unit of measurement used to express the amount of a substance, equivalent to 6.022 x 10²³ particles.
Limiting Reactant
The reactant that is fully consumed in a reaction, determining the amount of product formed.
Avogadro's Constant
The number of atoms, ions, or molecules in one mole of a substance, approximately 6.022 x 10²³.
Concentration
The amount of solute in grams or moles, dissolved in a given volume of solution, usually expressed in mol/dm³.
Percentage Yield
The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage.
Hydrated Salts
Salts that contain water molecules attached to them.
Anions
Negatively charged ions.
Cations
Positively charged ions.
Mass Number
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
Chemical Reaction
A process in which substances (reactants) are transformed into new substances (products).
Ionic Compound
A compound formed from the electrostatic attraction between positively and negatively charged ions.
Molecular Formula
A formula that shows the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.
Oxidation State
The degree of oxidation of an atom in a compound, represented by a positive or negative integer.
Gas Volume at RTP
The volume occupied by one mole of gas at room temperature and pressure, typically 24 dm³.
Excess Reactant
The reactant that remains after the reaction is complete.
Water of Crystallization
Water molecules that are part of the crystalline structure of a hydrated salt.
Relative Atomic Mass (Ar)
The average mass of an atom of a chemical element, compared to 1/12th of the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
Aqueous
A solution in which the solvent is water.
The ___ is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.
calorie
The ___ point is the temperature at which a substance transitions from a solid to a liquid.
melting
In a chemical reaction, the ___ are the substances that undergo change.
reactants
The law of ___ states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
conservation of mass
The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with 7 being ___.
neutral
The ___ state of matter has a definite shape and volume.
solid
An ___ solution contains more solute than can be dissolved at a given temperature.
supersaturated
The process of ___ involves the conversion of a solid directly into a gas without passing through a liquid phase.
sublimation
___ energy is the energy stored within the bonds of chemical compounds.
Chemical
The term ___ refers to the specific heat required to raise the temperature of a substance.
heat capacity
Note 
Flashcard (23)