Period 7 1890-1945 APUSH

Frontier Thesis (1893)

• Idea from Frederick Jackson Turner that believed that closing the frontier would lead to the wane of American exceptionalism

• The frontier had made the US unique, where hardship led to “rugged individualism” led to democracy

Spanish-American War (1898)

• Americans beat Cuba

• US took Philippines

• Hawaii

Roosevelt Corollary (1904)

Asserted that it’s the right of the US to intervene in Latin American affairs, and followed Monroe Doctrine of 1823

Yellow Journalism

• Outlandish media

• Joseph Pulitzer published crazy accounts of Spanish atrocities to further the American cause to help Cuba (USS Maine)

  • When Cuba gained independence from Spain, American politicians pressured the addition of the Platt Amendment which permits US military intervention in Cuban affairs if US interests are threatened

Square Deal by FDR

• control of corporations

• consumer protection

• conservation of natural resources

Panama Canal

• Quicker trade for US

• Justified by Roosevelt Corollary

• Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty allowed US to gain control of the zone

National Origins Act/Immigration Act of 1924

• seeks to limit immigration from specific regions of the world, especially Southern/Eastern Europe

• Immigration quotas prioritize desirable over undesirable immigrant populations

Palmer Raids from Attorney General Mitchell Palmer

• Led government charge in shutting down radical organizations

• prompted hundreds of illegal search and seizures and unwarranted arrests

• deported hundreds of ‘suspected’ radical immigrants

• rise in xenophobia

Trial of Sacco and Vanzetti

Italian immigrants accused of murder based more on' ‘radicalism’ than evidence

Red Summer

• Series of race riots in 1919

• Black Americans returned from war wanting better civil rights and protections

Great Migration

• Black families moved North wanting to leave Jim Crow, find more job opportunities, and a safer environment

• suffering industrial areas from immigrant quotas hired black workers

• spread national consciousness of racial division in America, particularly the South

Executive Order 9066

• Gave war department the ability to deem any location a restricted military area and exclude any group

• Led to Japanese internment camps

Evian Conference

• many nations struggle to expand refugee admittance, this discussed that

• Great Depression influences citizens and threatens jobs

Executive Order 8802

Prohibited discrimination in the war industry

Military Industrial Complex