*Urinary System Part 1

Which ones and how many parts make up the urinary system?

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder, & urethra

What is the function of the kidney?

What about the rest of the urinary system? 

produce urine & are responsible for the elimination of waste

eliminate the urine

The cells in the urinary system produce ____ such as ___, ____, ____.

waste products….urea, creatine, & ammonia

If the waste products (urea, creatine, & ammonia) aren’t removed from the body _____ will be created.

toxic waste level

Urination is aka ____ / _____.

Micturition / voiding

Describe the renal fat pad

A thick middle layer of fatty tissue that insulates and cushions the kidneys

Define the renal cortex

Outermost portion of the kidney that touches the renal capsule and is red in color

Describe the renal capsule

It's a fibrous joint composed of dense irregular connective tissue that covers the outer surface of the kidney

Because of the size of the liver, the right kidney is _____ than the left one.

Lower

Describe the renal hilum

It is a prominent ending tension where blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter and exit the kidney

Define the renal fascia.

It's the outermost disconnected tissue that anchors the kidneys and the adrenal glands

Name the three external connective tissue layers of the kidney in order.

Renal capsule, renal fat pad, and renal fascia

Where are the kidneys located?

Upper abdominal cavity on either side of the vertebrae column (b/t 12th thorarcic vertebrae & 3rd lumbar) behind the peritoneum

But below the lower surface of the diaphragm

What type of reflex happens in the urinary system?

spinal cord reflex w/ voluntary control

What muscle stimulates the your bladder walls stretching?

detrusor muscle

Each kidney has an indentation called a …..

Hilus

How much maximum urine can the hold? When does the reflex happen/ first detected to signify potty time

after reaching sacrospinal cord?

800+ milliliters…..200-400 milliliters

Name the 4 characteristics of urine.

amount, color, constituents, & nitrogenous waste

Define urine Amount

normal amount per 24 hrs is 1-2 liters

Define urine Color & Constituents

-typically yellow or amber

-95% water & contains salt

Name 3 urine Nitrogenous waste

urea, creatine, & uric acid

Name the 7 functions of the urninary system.

production of urine, remove waste, regulate blood volume by excreting water, regulate electrolytes, regulate acid base balance w/i the blood, conserve nutrients, and assist liver in detoxification

The urinary system is aka as the ______ system.

renal

The main job of the ureters, urethra, and urinary bladder is to _________.

ONLY store then eliminate waste

3 Facts about the Ureters

-each one extends from the hilus of each kidney down to lower posterior side of bladder

-ureters & kidneys are both retroperitoneal

-the smooth muscle wall of the ureters routinely contracts in peristaltic ways in order to propel urine towards the bladder

3 Facts about Urinary Bladder

-it’s a muscular sac made up of transitional epithelium that sits below the peritoneum and behind the pubic bone

-the rounded cells w/i it will stretch and flatten as the bladder fills permitting expansion w/o tearing

-women = inferior to uterus; men = superior to prostate gland

The bladder can expand without tearing it's lining and the mucosa appears wrinkled. What are these folds called?

Rugae

Main job of the Ureters is to ______.

move urine from the kidneys to the bladder

As the bladder fills up, it will expand & _________________________.

compress the lower ends of the ureters in order to prevent backflow

Main job of the Urethra

carry urine from bladder to exterior world

urethra in women VS urethra in men

women: 1 - 1.5 inches long & anterior to vagina

men = 7 - 8 inches long