(2.2.1)- Causes and consequences of population change in the UK

What is birth rate?

The number of babies born per 1000 people per year.

What is death rate?

The number of deaths per 1000 people per year.

What is life expectancy?

The number of years a person is expected to live.

What is Natural Increase?

The birth exceeds the death rate.

What is Natural Decrease?

The death rate exceeds birth rate.

What is Net International Migration?

The no. of immigrants into a country - the no. of emigrants leaving.

What are the 3 main reasons for population change in the UK?

• Migration

• Higher Birth Rates

• Lower Death Rates

What are the economic factors affecting BR/DR/migration?

• Women choosing careers over kids

• Increasing maternity leave may encourage kids

• Cost of raising family is high

• Mechanisation of farms increasing migration

What are the social factors affecting BR/DR/migration?

• Increased life expectancy with healthcare

• Couples get married later

• Women often wait longer before having kids

• Increasingly materialistic society

• Ageing population = lower BR

What are the political factors affecting BR/DR/migration?

• Children receive vaccines reducing infant mortality rate.

• Migration and high BR among migrants causes population increase.

• Sex education in schools and accessible contraception

Why does the UK have an ageing population?

People are living longer and less children are being born.

Name some negative economic impacts of an ageing population.

• Healthcare bills increase as specialist care demand rises

• Not enough taxes to cover pension bills

• Less taxes paid and lower working population

• Needs for specific housing- bungalows etc.

Name some positive economic impacts of an ageing population.

• Grey Pound- as non-taxpayers still contribute to the economy

• Essential free work- volunteering

• Given choice to continue working for longer could contribute to the workforce

Name some negative social impacts of an ageing population.

• Working age people have to look after parents as well as children

• Solitary older people increasing leads to loneliness

Name some positive social impacts of an ageing population.

• Act as childcare for grandchildren

• Charity work

• Use knowledge and experience to benefit society

Name some negative political impacts of an ageing population.

• NHS strain

• An ageing population can have a strong influence in elections that may not reflect younger generations.

Why does the UK need new housing?

As the

life expectancy increases,

immigration rate increases,

specialised houses for the elderly needed,

people live on their own before marriage,

divorce rate increase,

second homes increase,

there need to be more houses to sustain the population.