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31 Terms

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Personality

An individual's unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving

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Personality Theory

Attempt to describe and explain how people are similar, how they are different, and why every individual is unique

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Oedipus Complex

Boys feel hostility and jealousy towards their fathers but know their father is more powerful

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Castration Anxiety

boys who feel their father will punish them by castrating them.

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identification

 imitating and internalizing one's father's values, attitudes and mannerisms.

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electra complex

Girls also have incestuous feelings for their dad and compete with their mother.

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penis envey

little girl suffer from deprivation and loss and blames her mother for "sending her into the world insufficiently equipped" causing her to resent her mother

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conscious

All things we are aware of at any given moment

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preconcious

  • Everything that can, with a little effort, be brought into consciousness 

  • Ex. trauma

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unconscious

Inaccessible warehouse of anxiety producing thoughts and drives

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id

  • Instinctual drives present at birth

  • Does not distinguish between reality and fantasy

  • Operates according to the pleasure principle

  • “I want”

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ego

  • Develops out of the id in infancy

  • Understands reality and logic

  • Mediator between id and superego

  • “I will”

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the pleasure principle

  • Drive toward immediate gratification, most fundamental human motive

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super ego

  • The moral principle

  • Internalization of society's & parental moral standard

  • One's conscience: focuses on what the person "should" do

  • Develops around ages 5-6.

  • Partially unconscious

  • Can be harshly punitive using feelings of guilt

  • “I should”

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eros

liffe4 instict, perpetuates life

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thanatos

death instinct, aggression, self-deductive actions

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libido

sexual energy or motivation

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Oral (birth - 1 year)

Infant achieves gratification through oral activities such as feeding thumb sucking and babbling

  • Mouth is associated with sexual pleasure. 

  • Pleasure comes from chewing, biting, and sucking.

  • Weaning a child can lead to fixation if not handled correctly

  • Fixation can lead to oral activities in adulthood

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Anal (1 - 3 years)

The child learns to respond to some of the demands of society (such as bowel and bladder control)

  • Gratification comes from bowel and bladder functions.

  • Toilet training can lead to fixation if not handled correctly

  • Fixation can lead to anal retentive or expulsive behaviors in adulthood

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Phallic (3 - 5 years)

The child learns to realize the differences between males and females and becomes aware of sexuality

  • Focus of pleasure shifts to the genitals 

  • Sexual attraction for opposite sex parent  

  • Boys cope with incestuous feelings toward their mother and rival feelings toward their dad (Oedipus conflict) or the Electra Complex for girls.

  • The child identifies with and tries to mimic the same sex parent to learn gender identity.

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Latency  (5 years - puberty)

The child continues his or her development but sexual urges are relatively quiet

  • Sexuality is repressed due to intense anxiety caused by Oedipus complex, 

  • Children participate in hobbies, school, and same-sex friendships that strengthen their sexual identity

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Genital (puberty onwards)

The growing adolescent shakes off old dependencies and learns to deal maturely with the opposite sex

  • Incestuous sexual feelings re-emerge but being prohibited by the superego are redirected toward others who resemble the person's opposite sex parent. 

  • Healthy adults find pleasure in love and work fixated adults have their energy tied up in earlier stages

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repression

  • Puts anxiety-producing thoughts, feelings, and memories into the unconscious mind

  • The basis for all other defense mechanisms

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denial

Lets an anxious person refuse to admit that something unpleasant is happening

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regression

Allows an anxious person to retreat to a more comfortable, infantile stage of life

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reaction formation

Replacing an unacceptable wish with its opposite

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projection

Reducing anxiety by attributing unacceptable impulses or problems about yourself to someone else

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Rationalization

  • Displaces real, anxiety-provoking explanations with more comforting justifications for one's actions

  • Reasoning away anxiety-producing thoughts

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undoing

Unconsciously neutralizing an anxiety causing action by doing a second action that undoes the first.

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displacement

Shifts an unacceptable impulse toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person

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sublimation

A form of displacement in which sexual urges are channeled into nonsexual activities that are valued by society