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Personality
An individual's unique and relatively consistent patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving
Personality Theory
Attempt to describe and explain how people are similar, how they are different, and why every individual is unique
Oedipus Complex
Boys feel hostility and jealousy towards their fathers but know their father is more powerful
Castration Anxiety
boys who feel their father will punish them by castrating them.
identification
imitating and internalizing one's father's values, attitudes and mannerisms.
electra complex
Girls also have incestuous feelings for their dad and compete with their mother.
penis envey
little girl suffer from deprivation and loss and blames her mother for "sending her into the world insufficiently equipped" causing her to resent her mother
conscious
All things we are aware of at any given moment
preconcious
Everything that can, with a little effort, be brought into consciousness
Ex. trauma
unconscious
Inaccessible warehouse of anxiety producing thoughts and drives
id
Instinctual drives present at birth
Does not distinguish between reality and fantasy
Operates according to the pleasure principle
“I want”
ego
Develops out of the id in infancy
Understands reality and logic
Mediator between id and superego
“I will”
the pleasure principle
Drive toward immediate gratification, most fundamental human motive
super ego
The moral principle
Internalization of society's & parental moral standard
One's conscience: focuses on what the person "should" do
Develops around ages 5-6.
Partially unconscious
Can be harshly punitive using feelings of guilt
“I should”
eros
liffe4 instict, perpetuates life
thanatos
death instinct, aggression, self-deductive actions
libido
sexual energy or motivation
Oral (birth - 1 year)
Infant achieves gratification through oral activities such as feeding thumb sucking and babbling |
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Anal (1 - 3 years)
The child learns to respond to some of the demands of society (such as bowel and bladder control) |
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Phallic (3 - 5 years)
The child learns to realize the differences between males and females and becomes aware of sexuality |
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Latency (5 years - puberty)
The child continues his or her development but sexual urges are relatively quiet |
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Genital (puberty onwards)
The growing adolescent shakes off old dependencies and learns to deal maturely with the opposite sex |
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repression
Puts anxiety-producing thoughts, feelings, and memories into the unconscious mind
The basis for all other defense mechanisms
denial
Lets an anxious person refuse to admit that something unpleasant is happening
regression
Allows an anxious person to retreat to a more comfortable, infantile stage of life
reaction formation
Replacing an unacceptable wish with its opposite
projection
Reducing anxiety by attributing unacceptable impulses or problems about yourself to someone else
Rationalization
Displaces real, anxiety-provoking explanations with more comforting justifications for one's actions
Reasoning away anxiety-producing thoughts
undoing
Unconsciously neutralizing an anxiety causing action by doing a second action that undoes the first.
displacement
Shifts an unacceptable impulse toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person
sublimation
A form of displacement in which sexual urges are channeled into nonsexual activities that are valued by society