Micro 12 Lecture pt II/III

cephalosporins

non beta lactams

antibacterial drugs that act on a cell wall include peniicilin and its relatives ___________ and other cell wall inhbiters that are **non** _____________

Aminoglycosides

Macrolides

tetracycline

chloramenphenocal

name 4 drugs groups that interfere with protien synthesis

wall

Beta lactams primary mode of action is to interfere with cell _________ synthesis

3, 1

Beta Lactams are highly reactive and contain ____ carbon rings and ___ nitrogen ring

penicillin, cephalosporins

name 2 of the most prominent types of beta lactam

positive

penicillin ____ and _____ are the most important forms of penicillin drug for gram ______ cocci (streptococci)

negative

==**ampicillin**== and ==**amoxicillin**== are two type of semisynthetic **penicillin** that have a broader spectrum towards gram ______ infections

negative

4 generations of ==**cephalosporins**== exist each group is more effective against gram _______ bacteria with fewer side affects/improved dosing schedule

broad spectrum gram+/-

4th gen ==**cephalosporins**== have _________ spectrum which means it is effective against gram _______ bacteria

narrow

==**vancomycin**== is a __NON beta lactam__ with a ________ spectrum and is used for patients that are penicillin and methicillin resistant

narrow, +, topically

==**Bactracin**== is a __NON beta lactam__ _________ spectrum gram _______ bacteria inhibitor that is used

A. Topically

B. Orally

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB)

Isoniazid (INH) interferes with mycolic acid synthesis and treats _______ (type of bacteria)

wall

Non Beta lactams can inhibit the cell ______

membrane

polymixins cause damage to a ==bacterial== cells _______

gyrase

==**Fluoroquinolones (ciproflaxcin)**== work by binding DNA ______

protien

==**Aminoglycosides**== inhibit _________ synthesis binding to ribosomal subunit

negative

==**Aminoglycosides**== are useful against aerobic gram ____________ walls

broad protien

==**Tetracycline**== antibiotic is a __________ spectrum drug that’s primary mechanism of action is block __________ synthesis by binding to ribosomes

•**Chloramphenicol**

–Potent broad-spectrum drug

**–Blocks peptide bond formation and protein synthesis**

–Entirely synthesized through chemical processes

–Very toxic, restricted uses, can cause irreversible damage to bone marrow

Chloramphenicol (flashcard)

50s

==**Erythromycin**== is a ==**Macrolide**== that atteches to ribsomal ____s subunit

C. synthetic

most sulfa drugs are ____________

A. Semi synthetic

B. Natural

C. synthetic

folic, bacteria

==**sulfa drugs**== are __narrow spectrum__ that block the synthesis of __________ acid (needed for DNA synthesis) in _____________

metabolic

==**sulfa drugs**== block ________ pathways in bacteria

protien synthesis

==**Oxazolidines**== block mRNA and ribosome interaction which causes __***__________***__**___** synthesis not to happen

methicillin, vancomycin

==**Oxazolidinones**== is used in the treatment of ___________ resistant and ___________ resistant

MRSA

==**staphylococcus aureus**== has the ability to cause ________

1. blockage of penetration into host cell
2. Blockage of ALL forms of genetic replication
3. inhibition of viral maturation

name 3 ways a antiviral chemotherapeutic drug can stop the virus from replicating

1\.

2\.

3\.

protease

___________ inhibitor blocks the maturing of viral particles

interferons

Human-based glycoprotein produced primarily by fibroblasts and leukocytes are called ______________

drug resistance

___________________ is when microorganisms begin to tolerate an amount of drug that would ordinarily be inhibitory

A.Killing extracellular viruses

Which of the following effects do antiviral drugs NOT have?

A.Killing extracellular viruses

B.Stopping virus synthesis

C.Inhibiting virus maturation

D.Blocking virus receptors

superinfection

A ________________ is a infection that occurs after or on top of another infection escp after use of broad spectrum antibiotic

tissue toxicity

allergeic reactions

microflora disruption

superinfections

Major side effects of drugs include (flash card)

minimum inhibitory concentration

**(MIC)** stands for: and is a tube dilution test to find the smallest concentration of a drug that will inhibit a microbes growth

Kirby-bauer

The _________________ test also known as the disk diffusion test is used to determine the extent of a microorganisms susceptibility (sensitivity) to various drugs

therapeutic index

a margin of measurement that meausre’s the ratio dose of a drug that is toxic to humans compared to the minimum effective dose is called _________________________

Toixc dose/MIC=

what is the equation for Therapeutic index (TI)

C.Smallest concentration

In a tube dilution test, the MIC is the _____ of a drug that is required to inhibit growth of a microbe.

A.Largest concentration

B.Standard dose

C.Smallest concentration

D.Lowest dilution