endocytosis exocytosis

Endocytosis

The process by which cells internalize substances from the extracellular environment.

Exocytosis

The process by which cells expel substances to the extracellular environment.

Transcytosis

The transport of substances across a cell, from one side to the other.

Protein-coated vesicle

A vesicle that is surrounded by coat proteins, which help in the transport of substances within the cell.

Endosome

A sorting vesicle that fuses with uncoated vesicles to direct their contents within the cell.

Lysosome

An organelle that digests cellular waste and materials ingested by endocytosis.

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

A process where extracellular substances bind to receptor proteins, leading to their internalization in a protein-coated vesicle.

Macrophages

Immune cells that commonly perform phagocytosis to engulf and digest pathogens and debris.

Phagocytosis

A type of endocytosis where large particles or cells are engulfed by the cell.

Pinocytosis

A type of endocytosis where the cell takes in small droplets of extracellular fluid, without the use of receptors.

Nonspecific endocytosis

A process where substances are taken in without specific receptor binding, as seen in pinocytosis.

Recycling of receptors

The process by which receptors are returned to the plasma membrane after endocytosis for reuse.