Module 6 - Sections 1-6

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2)

AWS Compute Service: provides resizable virtual machines

Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling

AWS Compute Service: supports application availability by allowing you to define conditions that will automatically launch or terminate EC2 instances.

Amazon Elastic Container Registry (Amazon ECR)

AWS Compute Service: is used to store and retrieve Docker images.

Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS)

AWS Compute Service: is a container orchestration service that supports Docker.

VMware Cloud

AWS Compute Service: on AWS enables you to provision a hybrid cloud without custom hardware.

AWS Elastic Beanstalk

AWS Compute Service: provides a simple way to run and manage web applications.

AWS Lambda

AWS Compute Service: is a serverless compute solution. You pay only for the compute time that you use.

Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS)

AWS Compute Service: enables you to run managed Kubernetes on AWS.

Amazon Lightsail

AWS Compute Service:provides a simple-to-use service for building an application or website.

AWS Batch

AWS Compute Service: provides a tool for running batch jobs at any scale.

AWS Fargate

AWS Compute Service: provides a way to run containers that reduce the need for you to manage servers or clusters.

AWS Outposts

AWS Compute Service: provides a way to run select AWS services in your on-premises data center.

AWS Serverless Application Repository

AWS Compute Service: provides a way to discover, deploy, and publish serverless applications.

Amazon EC2

this AWS service provides virtual machines

infrastructure

Amazon EC2 is ___ as a service

IaaS

__ services provide flexibility and leave many of the server management responsibilities to you. You choose the operating system, and you also choose the size and resource capabilities of the servers that you launch

Amazon EC2

one of the first AWS services and remains one of the most popular

AWS Lambda

this AWS service is a zero-administration compute platform

AWS Lambda

this AWS service enables you to run code without provisioning or managing servers

compute time

In AWS Lambda, you only pay for the ___ that is consumed

AWS Lambda

this AWS service is becoming more popular because it supports cloud-native architectures, which enable massive scalability at a lower cost than running servers 24/7 to support the same workloads.

• Amazon Elastic Container Service

• Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service

• AWS Fargate

• Amazon Elastic Container Registry

Container-based services—including ___, ___, ___, and ___—enable you to run multiple workloads on a single operating system (OS)

workloads

Container-based services—including Amazon Elastic Container Service, Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service, AWS Fargate, and Amazon Elastic Container Registry—enable you to run multiple ___ on a single operating system (OS).

operating system (OS)

Container-based services—including Amazon Elastic Container Service, Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service, AWS Fargate, and Amazon Elastic Container Registry—enable you to run multiple workloads on a single ___.

Containers

__ spin up more quickly than virtual machines, thus offering responsiveness.

virtual machines

Containers spin up more quickly than ___, thus offering responsiveness.

Container

___-based solutions continue to grow in popularity

AWS Elastic Beanstalk

It facilitates the quick deployment of applications that you create by providing all the application services that you need. AWS manages the OS, the application server, and the other infrastructure components so that you can focus on developing your application code.

administrative overhead

AWS Fargate reduces ___, but you can use options taht give you more control

platform

AWS Elastic Beanstalk is ___ as a service

• What is your application design?

• What are your usage patterns?

• Which configuration settings will you want to manage?

Some aspects to consider when choosing the optimal compute service:

legacy code

Often, the compute architecture that you use is determined by ___. However, that does not mean that you cannot evolve the architecture to take advantage of proven cloud-native designs.

• Evaluate the available compute options

• Understand the available compute configuration options

• Collect computer-related metrics

• Use the available elasticity of resources

• Re-evaluate compute needs based on metrics

best practices:

running servers on-premises

is an expensive undertaking. Hardware must be procured, and this procurement can be based on project plans instead of the reality of how the servers are used. Data centers are expensive to build, staff, and maintain. Organizations also need to permanently provision a sufficient amount of hardware to handle traffic spikes and peak workloads

Amazon EC2

provides virtual machines where you can host the same kinds of applications that you might run on a traditional on-premises server. It provides secure, resizable compute capacity in the cloud

Application servers

Web servers

Database servers

Game servers

Mail servers

Media servers

Catalog servers

File servers

Computing servers

Proxy servers

Common uses for EC2 instances include, but are not limited to:

Elastic

refers to the fact that you can easily increase or decrease the number of servers you run to support an application automatically, and you can also increase or decrease the size of existing servers.

Compute

refers to reason why most users run servers in the first place, which is to host running applications or process data—actions that require compute resources, including processing power (CPU) and memory (RAM).

Cloud

refers to the fact that the EC2 instances that you run are hosted in the cloud.

Windows, LInux

Amazon EC2 provides virtual machines in the cloud and gives you full administrative control over the ___ or ___ operating system that runs on the instance.

guest operating system

An operating system that runs on a virtual machine is often called a ___ to distinguish it from the host operating system.

host operating system

The ___ is directly installed on any server hardware that hosts one or more virtual machines.

Availability Zone

With Amazon EC2, you can launch any number of instances of any size into any ___ anywhere in the world in a matter of minutes

Amazon Machine Images (AMIs)

Instances launch from ___, which are effectively virtual machine templates.

security groups

You can control traffic to and from instances by using ___. Also, because the servers run in the AWS Cloud, you can build solutions that take use multiple AWS services.

AWS Management Console Launch Instance Wizard

The first time you launch an Amazon EC2 instance, you will likely use the ___.

Launch Instance Wizard

The ___ makes it easy to launch an instance. For example, if you choose to accept all the default settings, you can skip most of the steps that are provided by the wizard and launch an EC2 instance in as few as six clicks.

Amazon Machine Image (AMI)

An___ provides information that is required to launch an EC2 instance. You must specify a source ___ when you launch an instance.

• template for the root volume

• launch permissions

• block device mapping

An AMI includes the following components:

root volume

AMI component: A ___ typically contains an operating system (OS) and everything that was installed in that OS (applications, libraries, etc.). Amazon EC2 copies the template to the root volume of a new EC2 instance, and then starts it.

Launch permissions

AMI component: ___ that control which AWS accounts can use the AMI.

block device mapping

AMI component: A ___ that specifies the volumes to attach to the instance (if any) when it is launched.

Amazon Machine Image (AMI)

Is a template that is used to create an EC2 instance (which is a virtual machine, or VM, that runs in the AWS Cloud)

• quick start

• My AMIs

• AWS Marketplace

• Community AMIs

AMI choices:

Quick Start

AMI choice: AWS offers a number of pre-built AMIs for launching your instances. These AMIs include many Linux and Windows options.

My AMIs

AMI choice: These AMIs are AMIs that you created.

AWS Marketplace

AMI choice: Pre-configured templates from third parties; offers a digital catalog that lists thousands of software solutions. These AMIs can offer specific use cases to help you get started quickly.

Community AMIs

AMI choice: These AMIs are created by people all around the world. These AMIs are not checked by AWS, so use them at your own risk; can offer many different solutions to various problems, but use them with care. Avoid using them in any production or corporate environment.

AMI

Instance Type

Network settings

IAM role

User data

Storage options

Tags

Security group

Key pair

Choices made using theLaunch Instance Wizard:

EC2 instance

An AMI is created from an ___

virtual machine

You can import a ___ so that it becomes an EC2 instance, and then save the EC2 instance as an AMI.

AMI

You can import a virtual machine so that it becomes an EC2 instance, and then save the EC2 instance as an ___

• import a VM so it becomes an EC2 instance, then save the instance as an AMI

• start with an existing AMI

two ways to create an AMI:

golden instance

a virtual machine that you configured with the specific OS and application settings that you want

root volume

When you create an AMI, Amazon EC2 stops the instance, creates a snapshot of its ___, and finally registers the snapshot as an AMI.

AWS Region

After an AMI is registered, the AMI can be used to launch new instances in the same ___

instance types

Amazon EC2 provides a selection of ___ that optimized to fit different use cases

Memory (RAM)

Processing power (CPU)

Disk space and disk type (Storage)

Network performance

instance types determine:

instance sizes

Each instance type includes one or more___, which enable you to scale your resources to the requirements of your target workload.

General purpose

Compute optimized

Memory optimized

Storage optimized

Accelerated computing

instance type categories

• family

• generation

• size

instance types offer:

T

Example: t3.large

instance type naming: family name

3

(So, a t3 instance is the third generation of the T family. In general, instance types that are of a higher generation are more powerful and provide a better value for the price.)

Example: t3.large

instance type naming: generation number

large

Example: t3.large

instance type naming: size

For example, a t3.2xlarge has twice the vCPU and memory of a t3.xlarge. The t3.xlarge has, in turn, twice the vCPU and memory of a t3.large.

size portion

The next part of the name is the ___ of the instance. When you compare sizes, it is important to look at the coefficient portion of the size category.

For example, a t3.2xlarge has twice the vCPU and memory of a t3.xlarge. The t3.xlarge has, in turn, twice the vCPU and memory of a t3.large.

network bandwidth

It is also important to note that ___ is also tied to the size of the Amazon EC2 instance. If you will run jobs that will be very network-intensive, you might be required to increase the instance specifications to meet your needs.

• CPU type

• CPU or core count

• storage type

• storage amount

• memory amount

• network performance

Instance types vary in several ways, including:

T3

__ instances provide burstable performance general purpose instances that provide a baseline level of CPU performance with the ability to burst above the baseline

• websites and web applications

• development environments

• build servers

• code repositories

• microservices

• test and staging environments

• line-of-business applications.

T3 instances provide burstable performance general purpose instances that provide a baseline level of CPU performance with the ability to burst above the baseline. Use cases for this type of instance include:

C5

__ instances are optimized for compute-intensive workloads, and deliver cost-effective high performance at a low price per compute ratio.

• scientific modeling

• batch processing

• ad serving

• highly scalable multiplayer gaming

• video encoding.

C5 instances are optimized for compute-intensive workloads, and deliver cost-effective high performance at a low price per compute ratio. Use cases include:

R5

__ instances are optimized for memory-intensive applications. Use cases include high-performance databases, data mining and analysis, in-memory databases, distributed web-scale in-memory caches, applications that perform real-time processing of unstructured big data, Apache Hadoop or Apache Spark clusters, and other enterprise applications.

• a1

• m4

• m5

• t2

• t3

instance types for these use cases: broad

• c4

• c5

instance types for these use cases: high performance

• r4

• r5

• x1

• z1

instance types for these use cases: in-memory databases

• f1

• g3

• g4

• p2

• p3

instance types for these use cases: machine learning

• d2

• h1

• i3

instance types for these use cases: distributed file systems

cluster placement group

To maximize networking and bandwidth performance of your instance type:

If you have interdependent instances, launch them into a ___

correlated failures

When you launch multiple new EC2 instances, Amazon EC2 attempts to place the instances so that they are spread out across the underlying hardware by default. It does this to minimize ___

placement groups

if you want to specify specific placement criteria, you can use ___ to influence the placement of a group of interdependent instances to meet the needs of your workload

enhanced networking

To maximize networking and bandwidth performance of your instance type:

enable ___

• elastic network adapter (ENA)

• intel 82599 Virtual Function Interface

enhanced networking types:

Elastic Network Adapter (ENA)

enhanced networking type: Supports network speeds of up to 100 Gbps

Intel 82599 Virtual Function interface

enhanced networking type: Supports network speeds of up to 10 Gbps

network location

After you have choose an AMI and an instance type, you must specify the ___ where the EC2 instance will be deployed

Region

The choice of ___ must be made before you start the Launch Instance Wizard

public IP address

When you launch an instance in a default VPC, AWS will assign it a___ by default

nondefault VPC

When you launch an instance into a ___, the subnet has an attribute that determines whether instances launched into that subnet receive a public IP address from the public IPv4 address pool