PSYCHIATRY (BRAIN)

VERY INTERESTING; CPU AND MOTHER BOARD OF OUR BODY

HUMAN BRAIN

WHATEVER WE SAY, DO, THINK, REACT IS CONTROLLED BY THE?

BRAIN

TRUE OR FALSE. JUST ONE STROKE ON THE BRAIN WILL MANIFEST, IT CAN BE HALLUCINATIONS, DELUSIONS, STROKE, WEAKNESS, OR NUMBNESS

TRUE

IN THE BRAIN, IT IS COMPLICATED BUT IT ONLY HAS TWO PARTS WHICH ARE THE?

NEURONS AND GLIA

PART OF THE NEURON THAT CONTAINS THE NUCLEUS

SOMA

PROCESS THAT EXTENDS FROM THE CELL BODY AND RECEIVES SIGNALS FROM OTHER NEURONS

DENDRITES

TRANSMITS SIGNALS AWAY FROM THE CELL BODY

AXON

THIS IS WHERE THE RELEASE OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS HAPPEN

AXON TERMINALS

PART OF NEURONS WHERE MECHANISM OF INTRANEURON COMMUNICATION HAPPENS; EFFECTS OF PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS

AXONS

WHAT ARE THE 3 TYPES OF GLIAL CELLS

ASTROCYTES, OLIGODENDROCYTES, MICROGLIA

BIGGEST GLIAL CELL IS?

ASTROCYTES

THIS GLIAL CELLS HAS DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS SUCH AS NUTRITION (FEED THE CELLS IN THE CNS), DEACTIVATE SOME NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND INTEGRATION OF BBB (BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER)

ASTROCYTES

SCHWANN CELLS IN THE CNS RUB THE NERVOUS SYSTEM WITH THEIR SURFACES AROUND THE NEURONAL AXON, RESULTING IN?

MYELIN SHEATHS PRODUCTION

WITHOUT ____, TRANSMISSION OF YOUR NEURONAL ACTIVITY WILL BE SLOWER

MYELIN SHEATHS

IN PATIENTS WITH ____, THEY LOSE MYELIN, SO THEY ARE SLOWER (NEURONAL ACTIVITY AND MOVEMENTS)

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

GLIAL CELL THAT IS DERIVED FROM MACROPHAGES (IMMUNE SYSTEM)

MICROGLIA

GLIAL CELL THAT IS INVOLVED IN REMOVING CELLULAR DEBRIS, FOLLOWING NEURONAL DEATH

MICROGLIA

THESE NEURONS AND GLIAL CELLS ARE ARRANGED IN A VERY WELL PATTERNED MANNER CALLED AS?

CYTOARCHITERCTURE/CYTOARCHITECTONICS

IT IS THE ABILITY OF THE BRAIN TO ORGANIZE ITSELF INTO DIFFERENT STRUCTURE AND DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS

CYTOARCHITECTURE

THE MOST COMMON CYTOARCHITECTONICS IS OUR?

BRODMANN AREAS

IN BRODMANN AREAS, MOTOR CORTEX IS IN WHAT AREA?

AREA 4

IN BRODMANN AREAS, SUPPLEMENTARY AREA CORTEX IS IN WHAT AREA?

AREA 6

IN BRODMANN AREAS, PRIMARY SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX IS IN WHAT AREA?

AREA 3,1,2

IN BRODMANN AREAS, SOMATOSENSORY ASSOCIATION CORTEX IS IN WHAT AREA?

AREA 5,7

IN BRODMANN AREAS, OCCIPITAL AREA; VISION CORTEX IS IN WHAT AREA?

AREA 17

IN BRODMANN AREAS, SECONDARY VISION CORTEX IS IN WHAT AREA?

AREA 18,19

IN BRODMANN AREAS, PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX IS IN WHAT AREA?

AREA 41, 42

IN BRODMANN AREAS, BROCA’S AREA IS IN WHAT AREA?

AREA 44,45

IN BRODMANN AREAS, WERNICKE AREA IS IN WHAT AREA?

AREA 39,40

PARTS OF THE BRAIN ARE?

FRONTAL, TEMPORAL, OCCIPITAL, PARIETAL

WHICH LOBE OF THE BRAIN IS FOR HIGHER MENTAL ABILITIES, REASONING, PLANNING, ALSO SMELLING AND MOTOR CONTROL

FRONTAL LOBE

WHICH HAS A BIGGER FRONTAL LOBE?

A. HUMAN

B. PRIMATE

A

TRUE OR FALSE. THE MASSIVE SIZE OF THE FRONTAL LOBES IS THE MAIN FEATURE THAT DISTINGUISHES THE HUMAN BRAIN FROM THAT OF OTHER PRIMATES

TRUE

4 SUBDIVISIONS OF FRONTAL LOBE

MOTOR STRIP, SUPPLEMENTAL MOTOR AREA, BROCA AREA, PREFRONTAL CORTEX (ORBITOFRONTAL, DORSOLATERAL, MEDIAL)

____ OF THE FRONTAL LOBES ARE CHARACTERIZED BY CHANGES IN PERSONALITY

BILATERAL LESIONS

WHICH LOBE OF THE BRAIN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR SENSORY, TOUCH, TEMPERATURE

PARIETAL LOBE

IN WHICH LOBE IS PRIMARY SOMATOSENSORY AREA (AREA 3,1,2)?

PARIETAL LOBE

WHICH LOBE OF THE BRAIN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR HEARING, LANGUAGE, MEMORY

TEMPORAL LOBE

IN WHICH LOBE IS BRODMAN 41, 42 PRIMARY AUDITORY CORTEX AREA AS WELL AS WERNICKE 39, 40?

TEMPORAL LOBE

IN WHICH LOBE IS PRIMARY VISION CORTEX IS 17

OCCIPITAL LOBE

LESIONS IN THIS LOBE WILL CAUSE BLINDNESS EVEN IF THE EYES ARE INTACT

OCCIPITAL LOBE

THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR BEHAVIOR

CEREBELLUM

POSTURE, COORDINATION, MUSCLE TONE, MEMORY OF SKILLS AND HABITS AND BALANCE

CEREBELLUM

ACTIVATED SEVERAL MILLISECONDS BEFORE A PLANNED MOVEMENT

CEREBELLUM

ABLATION OF THE _____ RENDERS INTENTIONAL MOVEMENTS COARSE AND TREMULOUS

CEREBELLUM

THIS CAREFULLY MODULATES OR BALANCES THE TONE OF AGONISTIC AND ANTAGONISTIC MUSCLES BY PREDICTING THE RELATIVE CONTRACTION NEEDED FOR SMOOTH MOTION

CEREBELLUM

THIS IS THE REGULATION OF EMOTIONAL STATE

LIMBIC SYSTEM

HIPPOCAMPUS, THE FORNIX, THE MAMMILLARY BODIES, THE ANTERIOR NUCLEUS OF THE THALAMUS, AND THE CINGULATE GYRUS

PAPEZ CIRCUIT

EMOTIONS MEDIATED THROUGH HYPOTHALAMUS IS CONTROLLED AND MODULATED BY FIBERS FROM?

FORNIX

LIMBIC SYSTEM IS PRONE TO EPILEPTIC DISCHARGES SINCE THRESHOLD IS LOWEST IN?

AMYGDALA AND HIPPOCAMPUS (LIMBIC EPILEPSY)

DEJAVU, DEPERSONALIZATION/DEREALIZATION, MICROPSIA, AND MACROPSIA

AURAS IN LIMBIC EPILEPSY

SYMPTOMS OF THIS IS SIMILAR TO MOOD DISORDER

LIMBIC EPILEPSY

INTRICATE ARRAY OF PARALLEL POINT-TO-POINT CONNECTIONS FROM THE BODY SURFACE TO THE BRAIN

CORTICOSPINAL TRACT

SIX SOMATOSENSORY MODALITIES

LIGHT TOUCH, PRESSURE, PAIN, TEMPERATURE, VIBRATION, PROPRIOCEPTION

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SKIN’S MECHANORECEPTORS AND THERMORECEPTORS

SOMATOSENSORY

GENERATE NEURAL IMPULSES IN RESPONSE TO DYANMIC VARIATIONS IN THE ENVIRONMENT; SUPPRESS STATIC INPUT

SOMATOSENSORY

TEST DONE FOR SENSITIVITY TO DETERMINE THE DEPTH OF NERVE ENDINGS IN THE SKIN

BLUNT/SHARP, TWO-POINT DISCRIMINATION, HOT/COLD

THESE ARE EITHER FAST OR SLOW RESPONDERS

NERVE ENDINGS

ALL SOMATOSENSORY FIBERS PROJECT TO AND SYNAPSE IN THE?

THALAMUS

THESE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PRESERVATION OF SOMATOTROPIC REPRESENTATION; DESIGNATES WHERE IMPULSES GO; PROJECTS FIBERS TO THE SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX WHICH IS LOCATED POSTERIOR TO THE SYLVIAN FISSURE IN THE PARIETAL LOBE

THALAMIC NEURONS

SHOWS WHERE THE SENSATIONS ARE PROCESSED IN THE BODY

HOMUNCULUS

THIS ACT’S LIKE CORTEX’S OWN MAP; HELPS THE BRAIN KEEP TRACK OF WHAT IS HAPPENING IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE BODY

HOMUNCULUS

LESION IN THE FRONTAL AREA OF THE BRAIN RESPONSIBLE FOR TOUCH

TACTILE AGNOSIA (ASTEREOGNOSIS)

INABILITY TO RECOGNIZE OBJECTS BASED ON TOUCH ALTHOUGH THE PRIMARY SOMATOSENSORY MODALITIES REMAIN INTACT

TACTILE AGNOSIA

LOCALIZED AT THE BORDER OF THE SOMATOSENSORY AND ASSOCIATION AREAS IN THE FRONTAL AND POSTERIOR PARIETAL LOBE

TACTILE AGNOSIA

APPEARS TO REPRESENT AN ISOLATED FAILURE OF ONLY THE HIGHEST ORDER OF FEATURE EXTRACTION WITH PRESERVATION OF THE MORE BASIC LEVELS OF THE SOMATOSENSORY PATHWAY

TACTILE AGNOSIA

PATIENT CLOSES THEIR EYES AND IS GIVEN AN OBJECT TO BE NAMED → PATIENT IS UNABLE TO IDENTIFY THE OBJECT WITH NO VISUAL CUES

TACTILE AGNOSIA

ARE TRANSDUCED INTO NEURAL ACTIVITY WITHIN THE RETINA AND ARE PROCESSED THROUGH THE OPTIC NERVE GOING TO THE PRIMARY VISUAL CORTEX THEN TO THE SECONDARY VISUAL CORTEX

VISUAL IMAGES

IF A PATIENT IS UNABLE TO IDENTIFY COLOR OR SHAPE OF AN OBJECT, CHECK FOR ____

INFERIOR TEMPORAL LOBE LESION

THIS LOBE DETECTS THE SHAPE, FORM, AND COLOR OF AN OBJECT; ASNWERS THE ‘WHAT’ QUESTIONS; FACIAL PERCEPTION

INFERIOR TEMPORAL LOBE

ADJACENT CORTICAL COLUMNS RESPOND TO COMPLEX FORMS

INFERIOR TEMPORAL CORTEX

FOR FACIAL FEATURES, RESPONSES TEND TO OCCUR IN THE?

LEFT INFERIOR TEMPORAL CORTEX

FOR COMPLEX SHAPES, RESPONSES TEND TO OCCUR IN THE?

RIGHT INFERIOR TEMPORAL CORTEX

TRACKS THE LOCATION, MOTION, AND DISTANCE ; ANSWERS ‘WHERE’ QUESTIONS

POSTERIOR PARIETAL LOBE

PATIENTS WHO HAS LESIONS IN THIS LOBE CANNOT DRIVE BECAUSE THEY CANNOT APPROXIMATE DISTANCE TO OTHER CARS

PROXIMAL PARIETAL LOBE

INABILITY TO RECOGNIZE FACES IN THE PRESENCE OF PRESERVED RECOGNITION OF OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTS

PROSOPAGNOSIA (FACE BLINDNESS)

BASED ON PATHOLOGIC AND RADIOLOGIC EXAMINATION, IT IS THOUGHT TO RESULT FROM THE DISCONNECTION OF THE LEFT INFERIOR TEMPORAL CORTEX FROM THE VISUAL ASSOCIATION ARE IN THE LEFT PARIETAL LOBE

PROSOPAGNOSIA (FACE BLINDNESS)

INABILITY TO IDENTIFY AND DRAW ITEMS USING VISUAL CUES, WITH PRESERVATION OF OTHER SENSORY MODALITIES

APPERCEPTIVE VISUAL AGNOSIA

REPRESENT A FAILURE OF TRANSMISSION FROM THE HIGHER VISUAL SENSORY PATHWAY TO THE ASSOCIATION AREAS

APPERCEPTIVE VISUAL AGNOSIA

FAILURE OF TRANSMISSION INFORMATION FROM THE HIGHER VISUAL MEMORY PATHWAY TO THE ASSOCIATION AREAS

APPERCEPTIVE VISUAL AGNOSIA

PERSON IS ASKED TO OBSERVE AN OBJECT → PERSON CAN DESCRIBE AND IDENTIFY OBJECT → PERSON CANNOT GENERATE A RENDERING OF OBJECT FROM OBSERVATION OR MEMORY

APPERCEPTIVE VISUAL AGNOSIA

INABILITY TO NAME OR USE OBJECTS DESPITE THE ABILITY TO DRAW THEM

ASSOCIATIVE VISUAL AGNOSIA

ASSOCIATIVE VISUAL AGNOSIA IS CAUSED BY?

BILATERAL MEDIAL OCCIPITOTEMPORAL LESIONS

TRUE OR FALSE. ASSOCIATIVE VISUAL AGNOSIA CAN OCCUR ALONG WITH OTHER IMPAIRMENTS

TRUE

FAILURE TO ACKNOWLEDGE BLINDNESS, POSSIBLY OWING TO THE INTERRUPTION OF FIBERS INVOLVED IN SELF-ASSESSMENT

ANTON SYNDROME

ANTON SYNDROME IS SEEN WITH?

BILATERAL OCCIPITAL LOBE LESIONS

MOST COMMON OF THIS MAY BE DUE TO HYPOXIC INJURY, STROKE, METABOLIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, MIGRAINE, HERNIATION RESULTING FROM MASS LESIONS, TRAUMA, AND LEUKODYSTROPHY

ANTON SYNDROME

RARE NEUROLOGICAL CONDITION THAT AFFECTS A PERSON’S ABILITY TO PERCEIVE VISUAL INFORMATION

BALINT SYNDROME

BALINT SYNDROME TRYPICALLY CAUSED BY DAMAGED TO?

PARIETAL AND OCCIPITAL LOBE

MANIFESTS AS DIFFICULTY IN → FOCUSING GAZE, ACCURATELY JUDGING DISTANCES, COORDINATING HAND MOVEMENT TO INTERACT WITH OBJECTS IN THE ENVIRONMENT

BALINT SYNDROME

MAY HAVE PROBLEMS WITH VISUAL ATTENTION; MAY ONLY BE ABLE TO PERCEIVE ONE OBJECT AT A TIME, EVEN WHEN MULTIPLE OBJECTS ARE PRESENT

BALINT SYNDROME

TRIAD OF SYMPTOMS OF BALINT SYNDROME

OPTIC ATAXIA, SIMULTANAGNOSIA, OCULOMOTOR APRAXIA

INABILITY TO DIRECT OPTICALLY GUIDED MOVEMENTS

OPTIC ATAXIA

THE PERSON CANNOT REACH AN OBJECT EVEN IF THE OBJECT IS NEAR AND VISIBLE

OPTIC ATAXIA

IT IS THE INABILITY TO DIRECT GAZE RAPIDLY; REFLEX IS SLOW

OCULOMOTOR APRAXIA

INABILITY TO INTEGRATE A VISUAL SCENE TO PERCEIVE IT AS A WHOLE

SIMULTANAGNOSIA

ALSO KNOWN AS THE HEARING SYSTEM

AUDITORY SYSTEM

AUDITORY SOUND AGNOSIA IS WHEN THERE IS LESION IN WHICH LOBE?

TEMPORAL LOBE

THIS IS DEFINED AS THE INABILITY TO RECOGNIZE NONVERBAL SOUNDS, SUCH AS HORN OR A CAT’S MEOW, IN THE PRESENCE OF INTACT HEARING AND SPEECH RECOGNITION. (+) RIGHT HEMISPHERE CORRELATE OF PURE WORD DEAFNESS

AUDITORY SOUND AGNOSIA

SENSE OF SMELL

OLFACTION