Chapter 23: The Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas

What does the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas all have in common?

All are accessory organs associated with the small intestine

What is the function of the gallbladder?

To store and concentrate bile by absorbing water and ions

What is the function of the pancreas?

Supplies enzymes needed to digest chyme & Supplies bicarbonate (HCO3-) to neutralize stomach acid

True or False: the liver is the largest gland in the body and has 4 lobes

True

What consists in bile and describe each characteristic

Yellow-green alkaline solution that has Bile Salts, Bilirubin, cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, & electrolytes

What are bile salts?

Cholesterol derivatives that function in fat emulsification and absorption (lipid soluble/lipophilic)

What is bilirubin?

Pigment formed from heme, bacteria breaks down in intestine to stercobilin which gives feces brown color

What is Enterohepatic Circulation?

Recycling mechanism of conserving bile salts- Bile salts are reabsorbed by ileum and returned to liver by the hepatic portal vein, then re-secreted as new bile.

(95% is recycled, 5% newly synthesized)

Describe the Gallbladder

Contains honeycomb folds allowing it to expand as it fills & has muscular contractions to release bile by cystic duct to flow into the common duct

What are gallstones?

Caused by too much cholesterol or too few bile salts forming crystals. This obstructs flow of bile from gallbladder, which is painful when contracts against the sharp crystals

What do these enzymes break down?

1. Protease

2. Amylase

3. Lipase

4. Nuclease

1. proteins

2. carbohydrates

3. fats

4. nucleic acids

What controls the entry of bile and pancreatic juice into the duodenum?

Hepatopancreatic Sphincter