CHAPTER 2 - 2.1-2.2

What are the three main components of a cell?

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.

What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?

It controls cellular activities and transmits genetic information for protein synthesis.

What is the plasma membrane also known as?

Plasmalemma.

What is the primary function of ribosomes in the cell?

They are required for protein synthesis.

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?

It functions as the packaging and shipping division of the cell.

How do peroxisomes function within a cell?

They act as the toxic waste removal system.

What is the fluid mosaic model?

A description of the plasma membrane structure as fluid and consisting of a variety of molecules.

What are the two primary types of membrane proteins?

Integral proteins and peripheral proteins.

What is the term for the process of moving molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring energy?

Active transport.

What is endocytosis?

The mechanism by which large particles and macromolecules enter cells.

What is phagocytosis?

The process where a cell engulfs a large particle, often referred to as cell eating.

What are glycoproteins?

Proteins with carbohydrate chains attached, contributing to the glycocalyx.

What is the main purpose of the plasma membrane?

To provide a barrier against outside substances and control what enters and leaves the cell.

What does selective permeability mean in relation to the plasma membrane?

It controls which substances can enter or leave the cell.

What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

They contain digestive enzymes and act as the cell's demolition crew.

What is the primary role of the mitochondria?

They produce ATP, acting as the power plants of the cell.