Chapter 29 Test EMT

Which of the following is not part of the circulatory​ system?

a) Blood

b) Heart

c) Blood Vessels

d) Brain

d) Brain

Which of the following best explains the reason for minimizing scene time for the trauma patient with significant hemorrhage or the potential for significant​ hemorrhage?

a) It is essential to get the shock patient to more definitive care

b) It gives the EMT less opportunity to make mistakes in the​ patient's care

c) The clock for the​ "golden hour" of trauma begins at the time of your arrival

d) There is nothing the EMT can do for a patient in shock

a) It is essential to get the shock patient to more definitive care

Your patient is a​ 12-year-old boy who ran his arm through a glass window and has an​ 8-inch laceration on his anterior forearm. You have applied a pressure dressing and​ bandage, but these have become saturated due to continued bleeding. Which of the following should you do​ now?

a) Remove the pressure dressing and​ bandage, apply an ice pack to the​ wound, and bandage it in place with an elastic bandage

b) Elevate the arm and prepare to apply a tourniquet or consider administering a hemostatic agent

c) Remove the pressure dressing and​ bandage, apply direct pressure with your gloved​ hand, and elevate the arm

d) Apply additional dressing​ material, bandage it in​ place, and apply pressure to the brachial artery

b) Elevate the arm and prepare to apply a tourniquet or consider administering a hemostatic agent

Which of the following is part of the​ body's compensatory response to blood​ loss?

a) Blood vessels dilate and the heart rate increases

b) Blood vessels constrict and the heart rate increases

c) Blood vessels dilate and the heart rate decreases

d) Blood vessels constrict and the heart rate decreases

b) Blood vessels constrict and the heart rate increases

Which of the following is not a purpose for making airway management the highest priority in shock patients with nonmassive​ bleeding?

a) It allows for improved elimination of carbon dioxide

b) It promotes bronchoconstriction of the smaller airways

c) It allows for oxygenation of the lungs

d) It minimizes the chances of aspiration of blood or vomit

b) It promotes bronchoconstriction of the smaller airways

Your patient is a​ 6-year-old child who has fallen down while running on a sidewalk. She has abrasions on both knees and the palms of both​ hands, which are oozing blood. This is an example of bleeding from which of the following types of​ vessels?

a) Capillaries

b) Veins

c) Arteries

d) Venules

a) Capillaries

Which of the following is the most effective way of controlling external bleeding in superficial​ wounds?

a) Using direct pressure with a dressing

b) Running cold water over the wound

c) Elevating the affected part

d) Using an ice pack

a) Using direct pressure with a dressing

Which of the following statements about neurogenic shock is

true​?

a) Neurogenic shock is the most common type of shock

b) Neurogenic shock is the result of the blood vessels decreasing in size

c) Neurogenic shock is sometimes caused by spinal injuries

d) Neurogenic shock is caused by the blood vessels overfilling with​ blood, causing leaking into the nerves

c) Neurogenic shock is sometimes caused by spinal injuries

Which of the following is another name for the condition of​ shock?

a) Hypotension

b) Hemorrhage

c) Hypoperfusion

d) Internal bleeding

c) Hypoperfusion

Cold is sometimes used to help control bleeding. When using​ cold, the following guidelines and statements are true

except​:

a) it should be applied directly to the skin and will not be effective if anything is between the cold agent and the wound

b) it should not be left in place for more than 20 minutes

c) it should not be used alone but rather in conjunction with other manual techniques

d) it will reduce pain

a) it should be applied directly to the skin and will not be effective if anything is between the cold agent and the wound

In which of the following vessels does the vital exchange of​ oxygen, nutrients, and wastes take​ place?

a) Venules

b) Veins

c) Capillaries

d) Arterioles

c) Capillaries

Which of the following is an important early indicator of​ hypoperfusion?

a) Increased heart rate

b) Dilation of the pupils

c) Altered mental status

d) Delayed capillary refill

c) Altered mental status

Which of the following is a hallmark of irreversible​ shock?

a) Cell damage and death in the vital organs

b) ​Pale, cool skin

c) Altered mental status

d) Delayed capillary refill time

a) Cell damage and death in the vital organs

Which of the following statements about the application of a tourniquet is​ incorrect?

a) If​ possible, the tourniquet should be placed on a joint

b) The tourniquet should be at least 2 inches wide

c) The tourniquet should be placed approximately 2 to 3 inches above the bleeding

d) Commercial tourniquets are preferable to improvised tourniquets

a) If​ possible, the tourniquet should be placed on a joint

Which of the following is not indicated in the management of a patient in​ shock?

a) Preventing loss of body heat by covering the patient with a blanket

b) Considering proper positioning of the patient

c) Managing the​ patient's airway and preventing hypoxia

d) Engaging in​ high-speed ambulance transportation

d) Engaging in​ high-speed ambulance transportation

Which of the following is responsible for most of the early signs and symptoms of​ shock?

a) The​ body's attempts at compensation for blood loss

b) Dilation of the peripheral blood vessels

c) Increased respirations of the patient

d) Constriction of the peripheral blood vessels

a) The​ body's attempts at compensation for blood loss

Which of the following terms refers to the delivery of oxygen and nutrients and the removal of wastes at the​ body's cellular​ level?

a) Cardiopulmonary response

b) Circulation

c) Compensation

d) Perfusion

d) Perfusion

Which of the following circumstances may result in​ hypoperfusion?

a) There is external bleeding

b) Blood vessels are dilated

c) The heart is damaged

d) All of the above

d) All of the above

Which of the following statements about treating a patient who appears to be in shock is false​?

a) Prompt transportation is a very high priority

b) Spend time on scene to correct the causes of the shock so it does not worsen

c) The patient should be promptly put on​ high-concentration oxygen

d) Airway management is a top priority

b) Spend time on scene to correct the causes of the shock so it does not worsen

Shock is the circulatory​ system's failure to provide sufficient blood and oxygen to all the​ body's tissues. Which of the following is not a major type of​ shock?

a) Hemorrhagic

b) Hypovolemic

c) Cardiogenic

d) Hypervolemic

d) Hypervolemic

Which of the following is the most important reason for controlling external​ bleeding?

a) To prevent and manage hypoperfusion

b) To prevent the patient from becoming upset at the sight of blood

c) To make​ clean-up of the ambulance and your equipment easier after the call

d) To prevent the spread of infectious diseases

a) To prevent and manage hypoperfusion

Which of the following is the least effective method of controlling​ bleeding?

a) Direct pressure

b) Tourniquet

c) Elevation

d) Hemostatic agent

c) Elevation

Which of the following signifies a failure in the​ patient's compensatory response to blood​ loss?

a) Hypotension

b) Tachycardia

c) Tachypnea

d) ​Pale, cool skin

a) Hypotension

Which of the following is not a consequence of​ hypoperfusion?

a) Cells are not supplied with oxygen

b) Cells are not supplied with nutrients

c) Acid buildup decreases and body pH increases

d) Cellular waste products are not removed

c) Acid buildup decreases and body pH increases

If you do not have a commercial tourniquet​ available, what common supply found on the ambulance can be used as a​ substitute?

a) Triangle bandage

b) Air splint

c) Cold pack

d) Rope​ tie-down

a) Triangle bandage

Which of the following best describes the function of​ blood?

a) It transports gases and​ nutrients, aids in​ excretion, and provides protection and regulation

b) It flows from the heart with the vital gases and nutrients needed to maintain a lack of perfusion

c) It​ clots, flows,​ transports, protects, and excretes on a daily basis

d) It is a​ life-giving liquid that supports all the​ body's functions to maintain hypoperfusion

a) It transports gases and​ nutrients, aids in​ excretion, and provides protection and regulation

Which of the following vessels contain blood under the highest amount of​ pressure?

a) Arteries

b) Veins

c) Venules

d) Capillaries

a) Arteries

Which of the following is recommended in situations in which a tourniquet must be​ used?

a) Use a material that is wide and thick

b) Apply the tourniquet over the elbow or knee

c) Apply a bulky dressing and bandage over the tourniquet

d) Remove the tourniquet as soon as bleeding is controlled to minimize further damage to the limb

a) Use a material that is wide and thick

Although many of the signs and symptoms of shock are the same no matter what the​ cause, the symptoms follow a logical progression as shock develops and worsens. Arrange the following signs and symptoms in the order that they will most likely appear.

1. Altered mental status

2. Dropping blood pressure

3. Nausea and vomiting

4.​ Pale, cool, and clammy skin

5. Increased pulse

6. Increased respirations

a) ​1, 3,​ 4, 5,​ 6, 2

b) ​1, 4,​ 3, 5,​ 6, 2

c) 5, 3,​ 4, 2,​ 6, 1

d) ​2, 5,​ 6, 3,​ 4, 1

b) ​1, 4,​ 3, 5,​ 6, 2

Which of the following blood vessels cannot stop bleeding by​ constricting?

a) Arteries

b) Arterioles

c) Capillaries

d) Veins

c) Capillaries

Which of the following is not recommended when controlling​ epistaxis?

a) Having the patient tilt the head backward to elevate the nose

b) Keeping the patient calm and quiet

c) Placing the unconscious patient in the recovery position

d) Pinching the nostrils together

a) Having the patient tilt the head backward to elevate the nose

Blunt trauma is the leading cause of internal injuries and bleeding. Which of the following are mechanisms of blunt trauma that may cause internal​ bleeding?

1. Falls

2. Motor vehicle or motorcycle crashes

3.​ Auto-pedestrian collisions

4. Blast injuries

a) 1, 2, 3

b) ​1, 4

c) ​1, 2,​ 3, 4

d) 2, 3

c) ​1, 2,​ 3, 4

External bleeding may be classified according to types. Which of the following is one of those​ types?

a) Brain bleeding

b) Cardiac bleeding

c) Liver bleeding

d) Capillary bleeding

d) Capillary bleeding

When deciding where to transport a patient who has internal bleeding or who has the potential for internal​ bleeding, which of the following is the most important service to be provided by the receiving​ hospital?

a) Immediate surgical capabilities

b) Availability of a chaplain

c) ​Critical-care nursing

d) Rehabilitation services

a) Immediate surgical capabilities

Which of the following is the major cause of shock that the EMT will​ encounter?

a) Excessive sweating

b) High blood pressure

c) Hemorrhage

d) Vomiting

c) Hemorrhage

Which of the following types of vessels have valves to maintain​ one-way blood​ flow?

a) Arterioles

b) Arteries

c) Veins

d) Capillaries

c) Veins

As an​ EMT, your best clue indicating the possibility of internal bleeding may be the presence​ of:

a) ​bruising, swelling, or pain over vital organs

b) ​painful, swollen, or deformed extremities

c) the mechanism of injury

d) a​ tender, rigid, or distended abdomen

c) the mechanism of injury

The most common form of hemostatic agent​ is:

a) discs

b) gauze or dressings

c) powders

d) granules

b) gauze or dressings

Which of the following vessels has thick muscular walls that allow constriction and​ dilation?

a) Arteries

b) Veins

c) Capillaries

d) Lymphatic vessels

a) Arteries

Which of the following should increase the​ EMT's suspicion of internal​ bleeding?

a) Fall from a height two or more times the​ patient's height

b) Penetrating trauma to the chest or abdomen

c) ​High-speed motor vehicle collision

d) All of the above

d) All of the above

Your patient is a​ 33-year-old man who has a gunshot wound to his right leg and has​ active, steady, dark red bleeding. He is​ awake, pale, and diaphoretic. He has a strong radial pulse of 112 per​ minute, a respiratory rate of 24 breaths per​ minute, and a blood pressure of​ 122/82 mmHg. He has no other injuries or complaints. Which of the following is the best sequence of steps in the management of this​ patient?

a) Cervical spine​ immobilization, high-concentration​ oxygen, direct​ pressure, and pressure point compression

b) High-concentration oxygen, elevation of the​ extremity, and application of ice

c) Direct​ pressure, high-concentration​ oxygen, and splinting the leg

d) ​High-concentration oxygen,​ tourniquet, PASG, and elevation of the extremity

c) Direct​ pressure, high-concentration​ oxygen, and splinting the leg

Your patient is a​ 28-year-old male who cut his thigh with a chain saw. It appears that he has lost about 600 cc of blood. Which of the following is not part of the proper management of this​ patient?

a) Using a tourniquet

b) Using direct pressure to control the bleeding

c) Replacing fluid level by giving the patient adequate amounts of water

d) Administering oxygen

c) Replacing fluid level by giving the patient adequate amounts of water

Which of the following is a characteristic of arterial​ bleeding?

a) Steady flow

b) Spurting under pressure

c) Oozing

d) Dark red color

b) Spurting under pressure