Chapter 18: the digestive system

the correct order of the phases of the digestive process, from start to finish is:

ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination

the __ or cuspids are pointed to puncture and tear

canines

the stomach is

constructed of three layers of strong muscle tissue

which of the following is digested first

carbohydrates

the liver secretes __ of bile a day

over a pint

the liver does not

receive blood for its own support and preservation from the portal vein

the __ serves as a collecting area for the remains of digestion

rectum

When a colonoscopy is performed:

it is possible to obtain tissue samples through a scope

the american cancer society recommends a colonoscopy every__ beginning at age 50

10 yrs

An upper GI series:

requires the patient to ingest barium

the only effective treatment for appendicitis is

surgical removal

the early symptoms of colorectal cancer with right side colon involvement may include

anemia

crohn's disease is most common in the

terminal ileum

bulging pouches in the wall of the GI tract where the lining has pushed into the surrounding muscle is characteristic of

diverticulosis

A crack or tear in the lining of the anus is called

anal fissure

which of the following is not a symptom of gastroenteritis

constipation

hepatitis is an inflammation and infection of the

liver

the hepatitis A and B vaccines require

three shots over a 6 month period

patients with irritable bowel syndrome commonly have stools that are

small and contain mucus

paralytic ileus usually occurs in the

small intestine

tiny telescope instrument inserted into the abdomen during gallbladder surgery

laparoscopy

computerized axial tomography study

CT scan

folds found in the inner lining of the stomach

rugae

gland that secretes directly into the bloodstream

endocrine gland

bend in the colon at the liver

hepatic flexure

These are obtained primarily from plant and animal sources, but are not stored by the body

protein

bend in the colon at the spleen

splenic flexure

roof of the mouth

palate

regulating chemicals needed for growth and control of body activities

vitamins

gland that secretes through ducts

exocrine gland

strong laxative

cathartic

these supply about 2/3 of the energy calories needed each day

carbohydrates

artificial opening of the colon, allowing fecal material to be excreted from the body through the abdominal wall

colostomy

chewing

mastication

intestinal lymphatic capillary

lacteal

blood poisoning that can be caused by a perforation of the colon resulting from severe colitis

toxemia

protrusion of an internal organ through a natural opening in the body wall

hernia

condition of sluggish bowel action

constipation

device that exerts pressure directly over a herniated opening, to hold the protruding mass inside the cavity

truss

mass of tissue results from an overgrowth of upper epithelial cells of the mucosal membrane of the GI tract

polyp

condition of repeated passage of unformed wastes

diarrhea

inflammation of the pancreas

pancreatitis

before jaundice

preicteric

itching of the area surrounding the anus, often associated with irritation and burning

pruritus ani

dilated vein in the mucosa of the folds of the anal canal or lower portion of the rectum

hemorrhoids

digestive

both GERD and hepatitis

respiratory

heartburn, esophageal spasms, fluid regurgitation

coughing, wheezing, bronchitis, asthma

GERD

circulatory system

integumentary

senses

anorexia, nausea, vomiting, liver enlargement and tenderness

lymph node enlargement, cellular damage, presence of antigens or antibodies in the blood

jaundice of eyes, sensitivity to light

jaundice of skin

hepatitis

___ is the activity performed by the organ of the digestive system, and it is defined as the process by which food is broken down, mechanically and chemically, in the GI tract and converted into an absorbable form that can be used by the cells of the body

digestion

the __ is a muscle and can alter its shape to reach all areas of the mouth. the surface of it contains the taste buds, located within the papillae projections

tongue

when the partially digested food in the stomach is changed into a semiliquid state

chyme

The presence of bulging pouches in the wall of the GI tract where the lining has pushed into the surrounding muscle

diverticulosis

gas

flatus

a three-inch-long instrument used to examine the lower rectum and anal canal

proctoscope

chronic disease of the liver causes destruction of the liver cells

cirrhosis

surgical opening of the ileum that allows the chyme of the small intestine to empty through the abdominal wall

ileostomy

The first of three sections of the colon; a C-shaped segment about nine inches long

duodenum

the surgical removal of the gallbladder

cholecystectomy

Also referred to a gastric (stomach) ulcer

peptic

Used to perform an examination to view the lower portion of the sigmoid and rectum through a 10- to 12-inch sigmoidoscope

sigmoidoscopy

Has two layers of involuntary muscles; the inner layer forms circles around it, whereas the outer layer runs longitudinally along its approximately 10-inch length

esophagus

gallstones

cholelithiasis

inflammation of the colon that causes tenderness and discomfort

colitis

The connecting chain of organs of the gastrointestinal tract

alimentary canal

The combination of mashed food substances and saliva

bolus

The bile is absorbed into the bloodstream, producing the yellow discoloration of the sclera, mucosa, and skin

jaundice

a patient's condition interferes with the ability to control the anus, as in a stroke with paralysis, and the rectum empties whenever the nerve impulse is triggered

incontinent