ap euro vocab unit 1

black death

a dead;y plague that spread through europe in the 1300's and killed millions of people

giovanni boccaccio

an Italian writer who described the effects of the black death and wrote the Decameron

flagellants

people who whipped themselves publicly because they believed suffering would convince god to end the plague

pogroms

organized attacks and violence against a specific ethnic or religous group, espically Jews during Black death

jacquerie

a major french peasant rebellion in 1358 against nobles and high taxes

peasant revolts

uprisings by peasants against unfair taxes, low wages, and the fuedal system

estates

the major social classes of medieval society

clergy

nobles

everyone else (mostly peasants)

boniface VIII

pope who strongly believed the pope had authority over both religous and political rulers. His conflicts with King Philip weakended papal power

unam sanctum

1302 document issued by Boniface VIII declaring that the pope had supreme authority and that submission to the pope was necessary for salvation

great schism

a period from 1378-1417 when 3 popes claimed to be the TRUE pope dividing the catholic church

papacy at Avignon

period from 1309-1377 when the popes lived in Avignon, France instead of Rome, making the papacy appear heavily influenced by France

conciliarism

the belief that a general council of the church should have greater authority then the pope

mysticism

a religous practice focused on having a direct, personal, spiritual connection or expierence with god

lay piety

religous devotion practcied by ordinary people, who werent members of the clergy, such as a personal prayer, charity, and bible study

dante

italian writer who wrote the Divine Comedy, a famous poem about a journey through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven

petrarch

Italian poet and scholar known as the "father of humanism" because he helped revive interest in ancient greek and Roman ideas

boccaccio

Italian writer who wrote the Decameron, stories about people escaping the black plague

chaucer

The English writer who wrote the Canterbury Tales, a collection of stories told by travellers on a pilgrimage

christine de pizan

medieval writer who defended women and argued that women were inteligent and deserved respect and education

giotto

Italian painter who made people and scenes look more realistic and helped influence Renaissance art

barber surgeons

barbers who also performed basic medieval procedures, such as pulling teeth, treating wounds, and performing surgery

clock

a mechanical invention that reveloutionized how people tell time and organize life

gunpowder

explosive material orginally developed in China that changed warfare by making guns and cannons

abraham

important religious figure considered the father of the Hebrew people and an important figure in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

moses

Hebrew leader who, according to the bible, led the Israelites out of Egypt and received the 10 commandments

jesus

central figure of christianity, believed by christians to be the son of god and the messiah

Apostles

The main followers chosen by Jesus to spread his teachings

torah

the first 5 books of the hebrew bible and the most important sacred text in judaism

allah

the arabic word for god, especially commonly used in Islam

quran

The holy book of Islam, believed by muslims to contain revelations from god to Muhammad

disciples

People who follow and learn from a religious teacher: jesus follwers were called disciples

monotheism

the belief in one god

covenant

a sacred agreement or promise between god and people

david

An important kind of ancient Israel who, according to the bible, defeated Goliath and later ruled Israel