Landmark Supreme Court Cases

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28 Terms

1

Marbury v Madison

courts can declare laws unconstitutional, established judicial review

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2

McCulloch v Maryland

congress can create a national bank and states can’t tax it, strengthened federal power

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3

Gibbons v Ogden

Congress controls interstate trade, gave federal government power over business between states

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4

Dred Scott v Sanford

Slaves are property and not citizens, strengthened slavery and led to the Civil War

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5

Plessy v Furguson

“separate but equal” is legal, allowed segregation

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6

Korematsu v United States

Japanese internment is legal during wartime, allowed racial discrimination during emergencies

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7

Brown v Board of Education

“separate but equal” is unconstitutional in school, ended segregation in schools

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8

Mapp v Ohio

Illegally obtained evidence can’t be used in court, strengthened protection from unlawful searches

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9

Engel v Vitale

No school-led prayers in public schools, strengthened separation of search and state

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10

Gideon v Wainright

everyone has the right to a lawyer, expanded rights of the excused

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11

Escobedo v Illinois

suspects can have a lawyer before police questioning, strengthened rights during interrogations

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12

Miranda v Arizona

Police must read you your rights, established Miranda Rights

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13

Swann v Charlotte Mecklenburg

Busing can be used to integrate schools, helped desegregate schools

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14

In re Gault

juveniles have legal rights in court, protected kids in the justice system

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15

Tinker v Des Moines

students can protest if it doesn’t disrupt school, strengthened student free speech

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16

New York Times v U.S.

government can’t stop newspapers from publishing information, limited government censorship

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17

Furman v Georgia

death penalty was unfairly applied, temporarily stopped the death penalty

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18

Roe v Wade

women have the right to abortion, legalized abortion natiowide

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19

United States v Nixon

the president is not above the law, forced Nixon to release watergate tapes

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20

Wallace v Jaffree

no state-mandated school prayer (moment of silence)

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21

New Jersey v T.L.O.

schools can search students with reason, gave schools more power over student privacy

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22

Bethel v Fraser

schools can limit inappropriate student speech, schools can punish the students

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23

Hazelwood v Kuhlmeier

schools can censor school newspapers, limited student press rights

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24

Texas v Johnson

flag burning is protected speech, strengthened free expression

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25

Vernonia v Acton

schools can drug test student-athletes, allowed drug testing in school

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26

Bush v Gore

stopped Florida recount in 2000, decided the 2000 presidential election

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27

Citizens United v FEC

corporations can spend unlimited money on elections, increased corporate influence in politics

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28

Obergefell v Hodges

same-sex marriage is legal, marriage rights for LGBTQ+ couples

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