Chapter 23: Acids, Bases, and Salts

Antacids

________ contain bases or other compounds containing sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, or aluminum that react with acids to lower acid concentration.

Neutralization

________: a chemical reaction between an acid and a base that takes place in a water solution.

molecule of water

The reaction to prepare esters involves removing a(n) ________ from an acid and an alcohol.

Indicator

________: an organic compound that changes color in acid and base.

Ammonia

________ is a base that does not contain- OH.

Titration

________: in which a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of another solution.

Synthetic fibers

________ known as polyesters are polymers; that is, they are chains containing many or poly esters.

Buffers

________: solutions containing ions that react with additional acids or bases to minimize their effects on pH.

sodium

A reaction between ________ hypochlorite and ammonia produces the toxic gases hydrazine and chloramine.

Salt

________: a compound formed when the negative ions from an acid combine with the positive ions from a base.

positive metal

Most salts are composed of a(n) ________ ion and an ion with a negative charge.

OH

When bases that contain- ________ dissolve in water, the negative areas of nearby water molecules attract the positive ion in the base.

crystalline solids

In the pure, undissolved state, many bases are ________.

pH

The ________ measures how acidic or basic a solution is.

Acid

________: a substance that produces hydrogen ions in a water solution.

Detergents

________ are synthetic products that are made from petroleum molecules, instead of from natural fatty acids like their soap counterparts.

Ions

________ in solution can conduct an electric current.

Weak Acid

________: When it is dissolved in water, only a small fraction of the molecules dissolve in water.

Titration

________ involves a solution of known concentration, called the standard solution.

PH

________: a measure of the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.

Acids

________ are corrosive.

Salt

________ is essential for many animals large and small.

Acid

a substance that produces hydrogen ions in a water solution

Hydronium Ions

H3O+ ions

Indicator

an organic compound that changes color in acid and base

Strong Acid

when it is dissolved in water, nearly all the acid molecules dissociate into ions

Weak Acid

When it is dissolved in water, only a small fraction of the molecules dissolve in water

Strong Base

dissociates completely in solution

Weak Base

one that does not dissociate completely

Salt

a compound formed when the negative ions from an acid combine with the positive ions from a base

Soaps

organic salts