AHAP Review Outline - Colonization to Revolution

Flashcards covering the key vocabulary and concepts from the lecture notes on the colonization of North America, the founding of Virginia and New England, the development of the Chesapeake colonies, the introduction of slavery, the Restoration colonies, colonial conflicts, mercantilism, the Enlightenment, the Great Awakening, colonial families, and political and economic trends in the 18th century. The topics that are covered on relationships with Native Americans, slavery, key crops, important acts of legislation, and historical figures.

Virginia Company

An English joint-stock company that was founded in 1606 by merchants and gentry to reap profits from colonizing America.

Joint-stock venture

Funded by contributions from many small investors.

Virginia

The area where Jamestown was founded, named after James I in May 1607 by 104 Englishmen.

Powhatan Confederacy

A confederacy of 6 Algonquian tribes that the Jamestown colonists interacted with, led by Powhatan.

House of Burgesses

Founded in 1619 by the Virginia Company, it marked the first taste of independent government for the Jamestown colonists.

Tobacco

The commodity crop that was planted in 1611 and saved the Jamestown colonists in the long term.

Headright system

Introduced in 1617 by the Virginia Company; stated that every new arrival paying their way could get 50 acres of land.

Indentured servants

People whose passages were paid by wealthy planters in return for several years of labor.

Puritans

Strict English Calvinists who felt that reform of the Anglican Church should go further.

Separatists (Pilgrims)

An English Calvinist group who felt that they had to split from the Anglican Church because it was too corrupt to ever be reformed.

Mayflower Compact

The agreement that established a Civil Body Politic and basic legal system, drafted by Separatist leaders.

Pokanokets

A local Indian tribe led by Massasoit that allied with the Pilgrims, saving them from a tough time at the beginning of their colonization.

Congregationalists (Puritans)

Led by John Winthrop, they set off towards New England in 1630 on the Arbella, later establishing colonies that would eventually come to dominate New England and absorb Plymouth in 1691.

The Model of Christian Charity

According to Winthrop, the community the Pilgrims had to create as a covenant w/God, requiring them to create a model "city upon a hill."

King Phillip’s War

This war in 1675-1676 was between colonists and Native Americans angry about the loss of land and the impact of Christianity.

Restoration Colonies

A term for colonies formed after Charles II was crowned in 1660, which varied in composition but were all basically proprietorships.

Bacon’s Rebellion

A war in which Bacon rallied recent immigrants against the Indians and supporters of the government. It led to landowners realized there wasn’t much land left to give to indentured servants and they began looking for slave labor instead.

Triangular Trade

A complex Atlantic trading system that developed as a result of the slave trade during the colonial period.

Mercantilist system

This system of thought states that there was a finite amount of wealth and that governments had to control production and competition in order to gain the upper hand.

Navigation Acts

A series of laws passed from 1651 to 1673, which stated that all goods had to stop in England, foreign trading was banned between colonial ports, and colonists weren’t allowed to serve on competitors’ ships.

Sir Edmund Andros

They ran the Dominion of New England, and were jailed after the GR when colonists rebelled too, declaring their loyalty to William and Mary.

The Enlightenment

This stressed a belief in rationality and peoples’ ability to understand the universe through mathematical or natural laws.

John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government (1691)

This described that men had power over their governments and attacked the theory of divine right.

The Great Awakening

From the mid-1730s to the 1760s, waves of religious revivalism swept through America.

George Whitefield

An English celebrity preacher that toured the colonies and preached to large audiences. He helped unify the colonies, but he also created a split in religion between the “Old Lights” and “New Lights.

Stono Rebellion

Occurred in South Carolina in 1739, where slaves stole guns and ammunition from a store and then killed the storekeepers and nearby families before heading towards Florida.

Regulator Movements

Occurred, in which backcountry farmers [mainly Scottish and Irish immigrants] rebelled against the provincial gov’ts b/c they felt they lacked influence and that the gov’ts were unfair.

Quartering Act (1765)

An act that required a raise in colonial taxes to provide for housing of soldiers in barracks near colonial centers.

STAMP ACT (1765)

The most annoying act that required tax stamps on all printed materials, and it was the worst on merchants and the elite [who used more paper].

Townshend Acts (1767)

New taxes on trade goods [paper, glass, tea, etc.] that applied to items imported from Britain and were designed to raise money to pay for the salaries of royal officials.

Washington’s Farewell Adress

The document calling for commercial but not political links to other countries [no permanent alliances], stressed the need for unilateralism, and called for unity.

Alien Acts

These allowed for the detention of enemy aliens during wartime and allowed the President to deport dangerous aliens.

Virginia (Madison) and Kentucky (Jefferson) Resolutions

This outlined the states’ rights argument and was drafted by Jefferson and Madison.