APHUG Unit 2 Vocab

Vocabulary flashcards for reviewing population and migration concepts.

Ecumene

A term used by geographers to describe where people are settled on the earth, typically along rivers, fertile land, or coasts.

Physical Factors Limiting Population Distribution

Areas that are too dry, too wet, too cold, or too high in elevation.

Cultural Factors Concentrating Population

Education, healthcare, and entertainment opportunities.

Arithmetic Density

Total number of objects or people in an area.

Physiological Density

Number of people per unit of arable land.

Agricultural Density

Ratio of the number of farmers to amount of arable land.

Carrying Capacity

The maximum population size of a species that the environment can sustain.

Overpopulation

When there are not enough resources in an area to support a population.

Age/Sex Ratio

Comparison of the numbers of males and females of different ages.

Population Pyramid

A graph of the population of an area by age and sex, often shaped like a pyramid for growing populations.

Demography

The study of population.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The number of live births per one thousand people in the population.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The number of deaths per one thousand people in the population.

Doubling Time

The time period it takes for a population to double in size.

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

The number of children who don't survive their first year of life per 1,000 live births in a country.

Mortality

The number of deaths occurring in a population.

Rate of Natural Increase (RNI) / Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

(Birth rate - death rate) / 10; a positive value indicates a growing population, while a negative value indicates a shrinking population.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

The average number of children a woman is predicted to have in her child-bearing (fecund) years.

Epidemiological Model

Model that explains how societies have developed and the changes in how/why people are dying as they progress through stages.

Neo-Malthusian Theory

Earth's resources can only support a finite population; advocates for contraception/birth control and family planning to keep the population low and protect resources.

Pandemic

An epidemic that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population.

Malthus Theory

While population increases geometrically, food supply increases arithmetically.

Antinatalist Policies

When a country provides incentives for people to have fewer children.

Pronatalist Policies

When a country provides incentives for people to have more children.

Contraception

Methods of preventing pregnancy.

Dependency Ratio

The ratio of the number of people not in the workforce (dependents) to those who are in the workforce (producers).

Life Expectancy

The average number of years a person born in a country might expect to live.

Push Factors

A force that drives people away from a place (e.g., no jobs, civil war).

Pull Factors

A force that draws people to immigrate to a place (e.g., jobs, political stability).

Intervening Opportunity

The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away.

Intervening Obstacle

Any force or factor that may limit human migration.

Asylum Seeker

A person seeking residence in a country outside of their own because they are fleeing persecution.

Chain Migration

When a family member follows other family members to a new location.

Step-Migration

Migration to a far away place that takes place in stages over time.

Forced Migration

When people migrate not because they want to but because they have no other choice.

Guest Worker

A legal immigrant who is allowed into the country to work, usually for a relatively short time period.

Internally Displaced Person

A person forced to flee their home who remains in their home country.

Refugee

A person who flees their home country and is not able to return for fear of violence.

Transhumance

Moving herds of animals to the highlands in the summer and into the lowlands in the winter.

Transnational Migration

Moving across a border into another country.

Voluntary Migration

People choosing to migrate (not being forced).

Brain Drain

When educated or skilled workers leave an area to pursue better opportunities elsewhere.

Ethnic Enclaves

Can form when migrants cluster together in certain areas due to wanting to be close to other people who share their culture.