#42-45 Module 6 - integumentary system

PINATITIBOK MO NANG KAYBILIS ANG POSO KO GOSTO KO ANG NOTA, ANG NOTA MO

Integumentary system

is the most largest organ in the body

Skin

The relevant Greek and Latin roots
include dermato and cutis, both of which mean

Hair, nail, and glands

skin is composed of

Epidermis

the most outer layer of the skin

Keratinocytes

a cell present in epidermis that produce keratin

Melanocytes

a cell present in Epidermis that produce melanin

Langerhans cells

a cell present in epidermis which serves as garbage patrol

Merkel cells

a cell present in epidermis which serves as photoreceptors

Stratum corneum

outer most layer, composed of 20 **30 layers keratinized dead and flattened cell** 

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Stratum lucidum

composed of lucid and thin layer of cell found in palms of the hand and soles of the feet

Stratum granulosum

It is found just below the stratum
lucidum, composed of granular cells that contain keratin and deformed nuclei.

Stratum sphinosum

It has several layers thick, with cells having dark and spiny projections.

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Sweat glands

glands that secrete liquid waste

Eccrine glands

is
responsible for secreting sweat. coiled ducts from the bottom of the skin that connects to the surface

Apocrine glands

appear once humans reached adolescence and are abundant in armpits

Cerumious glands

These are modified apocrine glands in the external ear canal lining; it secretes cerumen or
earwax, a sticky substance that functions to repel foreign material.

Sebaceous glands

These are also known as Oil Glands and can be
found all over the body except in the palms and soles
of the feet.

Stratum basale

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**It is the deepest layer of the epidermis; consist of a layer of actively dividing cells and the keratinocytes, melanocytes, and merkel cells which are present in this layer.**

Fibroblast

**are the main cells in the dermis, usually found in the dermal papillae and**

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**decrease its number in the deeper layer of the dermis known as reticular dermis.**

Dermis

It is also known as Corium.

Dermis

It is a thicker, fibrous structure. A layer of tissue supporting the skin, and is made up of 80%water, elastic, and collagen fibers. It also contains blood vessels, glands, nerves and hair follicles.

Hair

It has a medulla that contains keratin and air, cortex (contains pigment that
gives hair color) and cuticle (outermost layer mand has cells that overlap like scales), and composed of cornified threads of cells.

Hair follicle

It is a tiny cup **shaped pit buried in the fat of the scalp and it is the point from which the hair grows.**

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Hair shaft

It is the part of the hair that is seen above the skin and is made up of dead cells.

Nails

These are productive coverings on the end of the fingers and toes.

Burn

one of the most serious and frequent problems that affect the skin. It is an injury
caused by fire or by contact of the skin with a hot surface.

Psoariasis

It is a chronic skin disease in which cells in the epidermis divides seven times more frequently than normal.

Skin cancer

It is the result of excessive cell division by cells that have lost control of the process.

Warts

These are small skin tumours that have a normal skin color.

Acne

It occurs most frequently during adolescence. This condition results from more than fivefold increase in sebum secretion between ages of 10 to 19.

Scabies

It is a contagious skin condition caused by the itch mite

Dandruff

It is the excessive shedding of the dead epidermal cells from the scalp as a result of excessive cell production.

Skin aging

it affects appearance, temperature regulation, and vitamin D activation. As the time goes by, the epidermis thins as it becomes fewer yet epidermal cells grow larger and irregular in shape.