M1L2 - Semi-solid dosage forms

Semi-solid dosage form

This is a dosage form intended for local or transdermal delivery; consisting of creams, gels, ointments, pastes, plasters, and more

Cream

This is a dosage form consisting of a lipophilic phase and an aqueous phase, prepared to be miscible with skin secretions

Lipophilic cream

This is a cream made of a W/O emulsion

Hydrophilic cream

This is a cream made of an O/W emulsion

Cold cream

This is a cream made of a W/O emulsion that produces a cooling effect when applied due to slow evaporation of the water

Vanishing cream

This is a cream made of an O/W emulsion wherein the water evaporates when rubbed into the skin

Gel

This is a dosage form consisting of small or large molecules dispersed in a medium with a gelling agent

Oleogel

This is a gel consisting of a liquid paraffin with polyethylene or fatty acids, gelled with colloidal silica/aluminium/zinc soap

Hydrogel

This is a gel consisting of water, glycerol, or propylene glycol gelled with poloxamers, starch, cellulose derivatives, carbomers, or magnesium-aluminium silicates

Ointment

This is a dosage form prepared for external application, usually occlusive and used on dry lesions

Medicated ointment

This is an ointment that contains one or more active ingredients

Non-medicated ointment

This is an ointment that contains no active ingredients

Oleaginous base

This is a hydrocarbon-based ointment which remains on the skin and is difficult to wash off with water

Absorption base

This is a hydrocarbon-based ointment with a miscible emulsifier which absorbs ~15% surrounding water but remains non-occlusive

Washable base

This is an O/W emulsion ointment which is easily washed off with water and absorbs serous discharge

Water-soluble base

This is a non-oleaginous ointment prepared with polyethylene glycols that mixes easily with skin secretions and is easily washed off

Spatulation

This is the process of mixing materials on a flat surface

Ointment mill

This uses shear force to disperse active ingredients in an ointment

Jar

This is used for packaging light-sensitive products

Tube

This is used to provide greater protection against contamination and environmental conditions

Paste

This contains a larger proportion of solid materials compared to ointments, is relatively stiff, and is employed to absorb serous secretions

Plaster

This is an adhesive mass spread on a surface to provide prolonged contact

Medicated plaster

This consists of an adhesive base, protective liner, and an adhesive layer

Glycerogelatin

This is a plastic mass containing glycerine (40%), gelatine (15%), water (35%), and API (10%), and is applied to the skin for long-term treatment